具身认知的知识观、学习观与教学观

Knowledge View,Learning View and Teaching View of Embodied Cognition

具身认知缘起于哲学界对"身心二元论"的批判反思,随着梅洛庞蒂将其具身认知思想发展为知觉现象学,标志着系统化的具身认知理论体系最终形成。文章在梅洛庞蒂的具身认知思想指导下,探讨了具身认知的知识观、学习观与教学观,以期为具身教学的开展提供一些参考。研究发现:知识是在认知主体与认知对象、环境之间互动的过程中逐渐建构形成的,具有鲜明的涉身性、情境性与生成性特征;学习是学习者充分整合所处的自然环境与机体内部的生理资源,促进知识建构发生的过程。学习的发生,需要重视身体对知识学习的作用,提供知识学习所需要的环境并促使知识整体性学习的发生;理想的教学是具身的,具有感官参与、心身统一与身体力行等特征,是教师为了促使学习者进行有效学习而开展的一系列行为组合。教学的有效开展,需要解放学生身体与构建多模态的教学环境,加强教学干预并选择趣味化的教学内容,强调身体体验和采用做中学的教学方式。

Embodied cognition originates from the critical reflection on the"dualism of body and mind"in philosophy.With the development of Merleau-Ponty's idea of embodied cognition into the phenomenology of perception,the systematic theoretical system of embodied cognition is finally formed.Under the guidance of Merleau Ponty's embodied cognition,this paper discusses the knowledge view,learning view and teaching view of embodied cognition,in order to provide some reference for the development of embodied teaching.It is found that knowledge is gradually constructed and formed in the process of the interaction among the cognitive subject,the cognitive object and the environment,with distinct characteristics of involvement,situation and generation.Learning is a process in which learners fully integrate the natural environment they are in with the internal physiological resources of the organism to promote knowledge construction.In terms of the occurrence of learning,it is necessary to pay attention to the role of the body in knowledge learning.It is suggested that the environment needed for knowledge learning is provided to promote the occurrence of holistic knowledge learning.The ideal teaching is embodied,with the characteristics of sensory participation,unity of mind and body,and practice.It is a series of behavior combination carried out by teachers to promote learners'effective learning.To carry out teaching effectively,it is necessary to liberate students'bodies and construct a multimodal teaching environment,strengthen teaching intervention and choose interesting teaching content,emphasize physical experience and adopt the teaching method of learning by doing.