自噬在抗感染免疫中的作用机制研究进展

Research progress of regulatory roles and mechanisms of autophagy in anti-infection immunity

自噬作为细胞适应环境压力的自我保护机制,在机体的抗感染免疫中发挥重要作用。近年研究表明,自噬不仅可直接清除病原微生物,还参与调控天然和适应性抗感染免疫应答的多个过程,包括天然免疫细胞的分化发育、天然免疫信号通路的活化、淋巴细胞的稳态、抗原的加工提呈以及抗体应答等。此外,病原微生物在与机体长期抗衡的过程中进化出一系列逃逸或利用自噬的机制,从而避免被宿主清除。因此,阐明自噬在抗感染免疫中的作用及机制有助于深入了解病原微生物-宿主互作机制,并为感染性疾病的治疗提供新思路。

As a self-protection mechanism for cells to adapt to various environmental stresses,autophagy plays an important role in anti-infection immunity.Recent studies have shown that autophagy not only directly clears away the invading pathogenic microbes,but also regulates multiple processes involved in the anti-infection immune responses,including differentiation and development of innate immune cells,activation of innate immune signaling pathways,homeostasis of lymphocytes,antigen processing and presentation and antibody responses.Moreover,during long-term antagonism with their hosts,pathogenic microbes have evolved a number of mechanisms to escape or exploit autophagy to avoid host immune clearance.Therefore,elucidation of the functions and mechanisms of autophagy in host anti-infection immunity could help us better understand the pathogen-host interaction mechanisms and provide new insights for the treatment of infectious diseases.