GA3浸种对玉米种子发芽及生理性状的影响

Effects of GA3 Soaking on Germinationand Physiological Charateristics of Maize(Zea Mays L.)Seeds

为了探讨赤霉素(GA3)对玉米种子发芽及生理性状的影响,以普通玉米自交系豫537 A为材料,采用不同浓度(0、100、200、300、400 mg·L^-1)和时间(0、4、6、8 h)的赤霉素(GA3)进行种子处理,按照GB/T 5520-2011进行标准发芽试验,研究其发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数等发芽性状,测定可溶性糖(SS)、丙二醛(MDA)、α-淀粉酶、β-淀粉酶等生理性状。结果表明:1)GA3处理时间为8 h,浓度为100 mg·L^-1时,发芽势最高,极显著高于其余各水平组合和对照(ck);GA 3处理时间和浓度分别为8 h-200 mg·L^-1、6 h-100 mg·L^-1、6 h-400 mg·L^-1时,发芽率显著高于对照(ck);GA 3处理时间为4 h,浓度为200 mg·L^-1时,发芽指数最高,显著高于对照(ck)。2)GA 3处理时间为4 h,浓度为400 mg·L^-1时,玉米幼苗最高,极显著高于其余各水平组合,显著高于对照(ck);GA 3处理时间为4 h,浓度为400 mg·L^-1时根长最长,极显著高于对照(ck);GA 3处理时间和浓度分别为4 h-400 mg·L^-1、8 h-200 mg·L^-1、6 h-200 mg·L^-1、6 h-300 mg·L^-1、6 h-400 mg·L^-1时植株干重极显著或显著高于对照(ck);GA 3处理时间为8 h,浓度为100 mg·L^-1时,根冠比最高,极显著高于其余各水平组合和对照(ck)。3)GA 3浓度为300 mg·L^-1,处理时间为4 h时可溶性糖含量最高;GA 3浓度为200 mg·L^-1,处理时间为4 h时,丙二醛含量最高;GA 3浓度为300 mg·L^-1,处理时间为4 h时,α-淀粉酶含量最高;GA 3浓度为100 mg·L^-1,处理时间为8 h时,β-淀粉酶含量最高。因此,GA 3浸种对玉米种子萌发及幼苗生长有促进作用,其效果受浸种浓度及浸种时间2个因素影响。

In this study,the maize inbred line Yu 537 A was used as material to investigate the effects of different gibberellic acid(GA 3)concentrations(0,100,200,300,400 mg·L^-1)and different treatment time on maize seed germination and physiological characteristics.The germination related indexes including germination potential,germination rate,germination index,vitality index,the content of soluble sugar(SS),malondialdehyde(MDA),α-amylase andβ-amylase were also determined based on the germination test according to GB/T 5520-2011 standard.The results showed that:1)At 8 h after GA 3-treatment with 100 mg·L^-1,the germination potential was the highest,which was significantly higher than the combination and control(ck)of other levels and the germination rate was significantly higher than that of control(ck)when GA3 treatment with 200 mg·L^-1 for 8 h,100 mg·L^-1 for 6 h and 400 mg·L^-1 for 6 h.The germination index was the highest which was significantly higher than the control(ck)when GA 3-treatment with 200 mg·L^-1 for 4 h.2)The highest maize seedlings appeared when treatment with 400 mg·L^-1 for 4 h,which was significantly higher than other combinations and control(ck),and the root length was the longest which was significantly higher than the control(ck)under same condition.Meanwhile,the dry weight of plants was significantly higher than that of the control(ck)when treatment with 400 mg·L^-1 for 4 h,200 mg·L^-1 for 8 h,200 mg·L^-1 for 6 h,300 mg·L^-1 for 6 h and 400 mg·L^-1 for 6 h.In addition,the root-cap ratio was the highest which was significantly higher than the combination and control(ck)of other levels when the treatment with 100 mg·L^-1 GA3 for 8 h.3)At 4 h after GA 3-treatment with 300 mg·L^-1,the SS content was the highest while MDA content was highest when the treatment with 200 mg·L^-1 for 4 h.Simultaneously,the content ofα-amylase andβ-amylase was highest when GA 3-treatment with 300 mg·L^-1 for 4 h and 100 mg·L^-1 for 8 h respectively.In conclusion,seed-soaking with GA3 had a promoting effect on seed germination and seedling growth of maize,and its effect was affected by two factors,namely seed concentration and seed soaking time.