美国森林火灾管理与策略

Forest Fire Management and Strategies in the United States

随着气候变化和人为活动的加剧,近年来森林火灾已成为世界最主要的自然灾害,导致大量人员伤亡、森林资源和人类财产损失以及大气环境污染。有效的林火防控管理体系是目前世界林火多发国家和地区主要的研究领域。美国虽在林火研究、林火政策与管理领域有着长足的发展,但也不得不面对不断增加的火险和损失的现状。本文对美国的林火政策及管理概况进行了梳理与归纳,内容包括林火发生概况、林火政策发展、林火扑救与管理以及适应性管理背景下的林火应对策略,文章将对我国的林火管理工作起到借鉴作用。

With the intensification of climate change and human activities,forest fires have become the most important natural disasters in the world in recent years,resulting in a large number of casualties,forest resources and human property losses and atmospheric environmental pollution.Effective forest fire prevention and control management system is the main research field in countries and regions with high-frequent forest fires.Although the United States has made great progress in forest fire research,forest fire policy and management,it has to face the situation of increasing fire risk and loss.This paper has sorted out and summarized the general information of forest fire policy and management in the United States,including the forest fire occurrence,the development of forest fire policy,forest fire fighting and management,as well as forest fire response strategy under adaptive management background.This paper will play a reference role for China's forest fire management.