两汉魏晋南北朝都城建筑的发展演变

On the Development and Change of the Capital Architectures from the Western Han Dynasty to the Southern and Northern Dynasties

本文结合两汉魏晋南北朝都城建筑的考古发现,把其分为城墙城门、宫殿官署、礼制建筑及宗教建筑四类,通过代表性的建筑基址,大致勾画出各类建筑的结构及特点。不同类型的单体建筑,其平面形制及建筑特征是不一样的,大朝正殿平面也发生了显著变化。西汉时期宫殿建筑依靠夯土台基而建,在此以后,夯土台基的高度则逐渐降低。高台建筑的衰落与土木技术的进步密切关联,由此导致建筑形式从高台到楼阁及由实到虚的转变。

This article,based on archaeological discoveries,classifies the capital architectures in the Wei,Jin and the Southern and Northern dynasties into four categories,including city gates,governmental offices,ritual constructions,and religious constructions.The author summarizes features of each category,according to typical discoveries of each kind.Western-Han architectures on rammed-earth raised platforms became rare after the Western Han dynasty,the height of which decreased gradually.The decline of raised-platform architectures is related to the developments in architect technique,which contributed to the rise of the multistoreyed pavilion.