1950年代初期《人民日报》中建筑话题试析--以“先设计后施工”话题为例

Research on Architectural Topics in People's Daily in the 1950s:The Discourse of“Design before Construction”

1950年代初,新中国建筑业在进行基本建设过程中"不设计就施工"的现象层出不穷且造成了很多浪费,从而引起了社会广泛的关注。在这一段建筑专业媒体几乎处于空白的特殊时期,时为党和政府信息媒介的《人民日报》为社会各界提供了一个讨论建筑和建设相关话题的平台。而在《人民日报》中掀起讨论高潮的"先设计后施工"话题为建筑师职业发展奠定了基础,也为中国建筑业职业化、制度化发展铺平了道路。文章将立足《人民日报》在1951-1952年间对"先设计后施工"话题的相关报道,讨论大众媒体对新中国建筑实践政策的影响。

In the early days of the People's Republic of China(PRC),the central committee started the“Three-Antis Campaign”,of which the fighting against“Waste in Architecture”,one of the movement’s aims,had been a major concern of the society.During this period,when specialized architectural publications were almost absent,People's Daily provided a platform for all spheres of society to discuss architecture and construction-related topics.During the“Three-Antis Campaign”,the discussion in People's Daily of the question concerning“design before construction”increased the professional identity of architects as a design occupation in China.It also promoted the proposal of interim regulations on infrastructure construction,making the Chinese architecture industry gradually move towards standardization and institutionalization.Based on records and reports on the discussion of“design before construction”in People's Daily in the early 1950s,this paper argues that the architectural criticism in People's Daily deeply affected the development of the Chinese architectural system of practice and theory in the early years of the PRC by framing the discourse around construction and management strategies.