基于森林演替理论的松材线虫综合治理路径

Integrated Management of Pine Wood Nematode Based on Forest Succession Theory

松材线虫病是危害松科植物的重要病害,我国自1982年在江苏南京紫金山发现以来,已进行了长期的防治工作,由于该病传播途径多、治理难度大,当前防控技术存在一定的局限性,因此仍造成大面积扩散蔓延。通过结合多年来松材线虫病防治的工作实践,分析了目前松材线虫病防治工作存在的问题,综合了各地松材线虫病治理工作取得的一些成就,提出根据森林演替规律,实施分类治理的路径。对非疫区,加强外来松木及制品的检疫力度,避免疫情传入;在疫区,通过树干注射,杀灭优势树木体内松材线虫,消灭病源,保护松树;对松木纯林进行较大强度择伐,降低松树密度,通过抚育、补植等营林措施,促进林下乡土树种的生长,培育针阔混交林,维护生物多样性,促进森林向更加稳定的地带性植被演替,加强森林对病虫害的抵御能力,实现松材线虫病的有效治理。

Bursaphelenchus xylophilu disease is an important disease that endangers coniferous plants.Since it was found in Zijinshan,Nanjing,Jiangsu Province in 1982,China has carried out a long-term prevention and control work.Due to many ways of transmission and the difficulties in treatment,the current prevention and control technology still have some limitations.So it still causes a large-scale spread.Based on the work practice of pine wood nematode control in recent years,this paper analyzed the existing problems of pine wood nematode control,synthesized some achievements of pine wood nematode control in various regions,and put forward the path of implementing classified management according to the law of forest succession.For non epidemic areas,quarantine of exotic pine and products should be strengthened to avoid the epidemic introduction;in epidemic areas,through trunk injection,pine wood nematodes in dominant trees should be killed to eliminate the disease sources and protect pine trees;intensive selective cutting should be carried out in pure pine forests to reduce the pine density and promote the growth of trees in rural areas by cultivating mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forests so as to maintain the biodiversity,promote the forest succession,strengthen the forest resistance to pests and diseases,and ultimately achieve the effective control of pine wood nematode disease.