南昌昌北国际机场植物资源调查及预防鸟击的植被规划建议

Plant Resources Investigation in Nanchang Changbei International Airport and Suggestions on Vegetation Planning Against Bird Strikes

【目的】机场鸟击是影响飞行安全的一个主要因素,机场植物资源的多样性以及生长状况影响鸟类群落动态,关乎飞行安全问题。通过调查南昌昌北国际机场植物资源种类和分布情况,分析其对鸟类活动的影响,提供相应的机场植被管理措施和建议以降低鸟类对机场飞行安全的影响。【方法】运用踏查法对该机场鸟情调查区(机场、机场周边区域)中植物种类、群落类型和生长状况进行详细调查,并记录分析它们对鸟类动态的影响。【结果】该机场鸟情调查区共有植物72科202种,其中机场内43科115种,机场周边区域涵盖全部的72科202种;在72科植物中,含有5个种及以上植物的科有8个,其中禾本科植物种类最多,达21种,菊科、蔷薇科、豆科植物次之;共有25种群落类型,以草本群落为主,其中草本、灌木和乔木群落分别为13种、5种和7种。【结论】机场植物种类丰富、生长状况良好、群落类型多样,为鸟类提供了良好的食源和栖居环境,严重影响飞行安全。应加强调查区域植被及周边环境管理,通过控制草高、减少植物种类和数量,促成优势群落形成以使机场植被单一化等措施,破坏鸟类适居环境形成;必要时加强机场驱鸟力度,降低机场上空鸟类出现的频率。

[Purposes]Bird damage is a major factor affecting flight safety at airports.The diversity and the growth status of plant resources at airports affect the dynamics of bird communities.The purpose of the article was to acquire the total species and distributions of plant resources and how they affected the dynamics of bird communities in Nanchang Changbei International Airport,providing measures and recommendations for the vegetation management to reduce the impact of birds on the flight safety.[Methods]Reconnaissance was conducted to survey the plant species,the plant growth status and the phytoecommunity types,and their impacts on the dynamics of birds were recorded and analyzed in the bird situation investigation area(inside the airport and around airport).[Findings]The results showed that there were 202 species of plants belonging to 72 families distributed in the survey and evaluation areas,with 115 species belonging to 43 families distributed inside the airport,and all the species were found in the surrounding areas of the airport.Among the 72 families,8 families contained more than 5 species respectively,with Gramineae being the most,including 21 species,followed by Asteraceae,Rosaceae and Papilionaceae.25 phytoecommunity types were recorded,including 13 types of herbaceous plant communities,5 types of shrub plant communities and 7 arbors plant communities.[Conclusions]The richness of plant species in good growth condition,and the diverse and abundant phytoecommunity types at the airport attracted a large number of birds for food and shelter,which,therefore,caused great flight safety problems.It is necessary to strengthen the management of vegetation in the investigation areas and the surrounding areas of the airport by controlling the plant height,reducing the plant species and quantities as well as facilitating the formation of dominant phytoecommunity to promote the airport vegetation simplification,in order to destruct the habitability environment for birds.Moreover,it is also necessary to strengthen the intensity of driving the bird away from airport to reduce the frequency of birds over the airport.