产权性质、经济发展与村庄民主——一个三元逻辑竞合的整体性解释

Nature of Property Right,Economic Development and Village Democracy——A Holistic Interpretation of Coopetition of Triadic Logic

中国农村基层治理现代化仰赖于村民自治的有效运行,核心在于发展高质量的村庄民主。本文基于“中国劳动力动态调查”2014年的村庄样本,立足于乡村独特的所有制结构,考察经济发展对于村庄“四大民主”的影响。数据结果表明:村家庭年均收入、非农就业比率显著负向影响民主选举;村家庭年均收入、非农就业比率、村集体收入和村集体支出均显著正向影响村庄民主管理与监督。研究还表明,不同产权性质的经济发展对于村庄民主存在分化性影响,私人利益导向的村级经济发展与民主选举负相关,经济发展的各维度与民主决策都不相关,但与“民主管理与监督”正相关。在不同所有制结构的村庄社会,集体行动逻辑、个体权利逻辑与社会整合逻辑之间的三元竞合,将决定经济发展对于村庄民主不同面向的影响。未来乡村治理在经济发展进程中应以集体经济发展、公共工程建设等为重点强化村庄公共利益,回应村民对于民主管理与监督的需求,并借助协商民主等多种形式深化民主与治理连接,积极化解高透明性、低民主性的村庄治理困境。

The modernization of rural grassroots governance in China depends on the effective operation of villagers’autonomy,the core of which lies in the development of high-quality village democracy.Based on the village sample of CLDS 2014 and the unique ownership structure of the village,this paper examines the impacts of economic development on four major types of democracy at village level.The results show that,the average annual income of village households and non-agricultural employment ratio have significant and negative impacts on democratic elections.Meanwhile,the average annual income of village households,non-agricultural employment ratio,village collective income,and village collective expenditure have significant and positive impacts on villages’democratic management and supervision.These reveal that economic development with different nature of property rights has a differentiation effect on village democracy.Private interest-oriented economic development at village level is negatively related to democratic elections.All dimensions of economic development are not related to democratic decision-making,but positively related to democratic management and supervision.As a result,in village societies with different ownership structures,the coopetition of social integration logic,individual rights logic and collective action logic will determine the impact of economic development on different aspects of village democracy.In the future,rural governance should take advantage of the unique advantages of rural ownership structure,and focus on collective economic development and public engineering construction in order to strengthen the public interest of villages.Besides,rural governance should respond to villagers’demand for democratic management and supervision,and deepen the connection between democracy and governance by means of consultative democracy and other forms.Consequently,the plight of village governance with high transparency and low democracy will be resolved.