城市流动儿童的融入困境与制度阻隔——基于上海市的调查

Assimilation dilemma and institutional barriers for urban migrant children:based on the investigation in Shanghai

抽取上海市2530个4-9年级的流动儿童作为样本,构建Ordered Probit模型和Ordinal Logistic模型,分析了影响城市流动儿童社会融入的因素及运作机制。结果显示:城市义务教育阶段流动儿童社会融入呈现随"年级"增加而下降的"逆转融入"趋势,即城市融入遭遇困境,其关键影响因素是"非沪户籍"和"年级"。导致这一现象的内在机制是城乡/内外双重歧视的户籍制度形成公共服务壁垒,其对城市外来流动儿童造成了教育阻隔。如此,户籍制度及九年义务教育制度下城市外来流动儿童的教育进程不得不面临中断,导致的融入困境值得引起高度重视。认为应保障其在城市的平等教育机会,避免负向融入。

This essay chooses 2530 migrant students of 4-9 grades in Shanghai as sample,using Ordered Probit and Ordinal Logistic Regression Models to analyze the influencing factors of their assimilation and its operation mechanism.It is found that assimilation of migrant children in cities like Shanghai is not good,showing the trend of“reverse assimilation”along with the variable of“grade”getting higher,indicating that there are some assimilation dilemma exist.The key influencing factors are the variable of“grade”and“non-local hukou”,and the internal mechanism is the dual discriminations of“rural/urban”and“local/non-local”,which forming the barriers of educa tional public services.The education process of migrant children in cities has to be broken due to China’s hukou system and the nine-years mandatory education system,making them suffering from assimilation dilemma.It points out that the government should protect the equal educational rights for migrant children to prevent them from the negative assimilation.