美军推进“印太”海上安全战略新动向:影响与挑战

U.S. Indo-Pacific Maritime Security Strategy: Effects and Challenges

2019年12月20日,美国国防部长埃斯珀在五角大楼讲话时把中国列为美军首要作战目标。这是美国国防战略的重要转折,对美国"印太战略"及海上安全政策产生直接影响。在此背景下,美军在印太地区的行动呈现一系列新动向:海上安全战略和政策制订无不以中国为目标,海军舰队建设重视高精尖科技装备、出现了美军可能介入南海局部地区武装冲突的迹象等。这些新动向中,美军特别关注中国海军走出马六甲海峡的行动走向、中国海军对高新技术的追求和军民融合行动,重视拉拢濒海地区的中小国家,企图以武力威慑和武装干预手段介入海上冲突。美军"印太"海上安全战略转型给中国带来挑战,包括中国的地缘安全环境进一步恶化,中国推动建设具有亚洲特色的安全架构遭遇挑战,中国的海洋权益遭受侵蚀等。面对挑战,中国应采取措施塑造周边安全环境、建设强大的海军,保卫岛屿主权和管辖海域不受侵犯。此外,中国还须加强军事前沿科技研究,特别是人工智能、量子信息、大数据、云计算等前沿科技,争取尽快改变国际军事竞争格局。

In a policy speech at the Pentagon in late 2019,Secretary of Defense Mark Esper labeled China as the United States’principal military challenge—a major shift in U.S.defense strategy that will shape U.S.military posture and local security dynamics in the Indo-Pacific region.China is now the imaginary adversary in the formulation and implementation of U.S.maritime strategy.Advanced and sophisticated weapons systems have been given priority to prepare U.S.navy for possible intervention in conflicts in the South China Sea.Washington is closely watching Beijing’s growing power projection capabilities,accelerating military modernization,and the implementation of civil-military fusion strategy.U.S.strategic shifts for the Indo-Pacific region is presenting significant challenges for China,including undercutting Beijing’s attempt to erect a pan-Asian security architecture,creating difficulties for Beijing’s efforts to protect its maritime interests and rights,and threatening China’s maritime strategic environment.To cope with an increasingly competitive regional landscape,Beijing needs to build up a world-class navy and increase investment in military research and development,especially in such new frontiers as artificial intelligence,quantum information,big data,and cloud computing.