不同残膜量对番茄生长发育和产量的影响

Effects of Different Residual Film Amount on Growth and Yield of Tomato

通过田间试验,研究不同残膜量对番茄生长的影响,为合理使用地膜和推进残膜污染防控技术提供依据。试验设置了4个不同残膜量水平(0、200、400、600 kg/hm2)对应CK、T1、T2、T3处理,测定番茄全生育期的土壤水分、株高茎粗、生物量和产量。结果表明,残膜阻碍水分的运移,0~20 cm的土壤含水率随残膜增多先增加后减少,20~50 cm含水率逐渐下降。番茄苗期株高茎粗表现为T1>CK>T2>T3,开花坐果期处理CK、T1、T2的株高茎粗全都大于处理T3。茎叶干重、20~50 cm根系干重先升后降,最大值为T1,0~20 cm土壤中的根系因受到残膜的刺激作用根重逐渐提高,并且残膜对番茄生育前期生物量的影响大于生育后期。CK产量显著高于T2、T3处理4.80和13.63。由此可见,残膜过多会明显影响番茄的生长发育和产量,不利于农业的健康发展。

In this study,field experiments were conducted to study the effects of different residual film quantities on tomato growth,so as to provide a basis for rational use of plastic film and promotion of residual film pollution prevention and control technology.Four different residual film levels(0,200,400 and 600 kg/hm2)were set for CK,T1,T2 and T3 treatments to determine the soil moisture,plant height and stem diameter,biomass and yield of tomatoes during the whole growth period.The results showed that the residual film hindered the migration of water,the soil moisture content of 0~20 cm first increased and then decreased with the increase of residual film,and the soil moisture content of 20~50 cm gradually decreased.The plant height and stem diameter of tomato at seedling stage were T1>CK>T2>T3,the plant height and stem diameter of CK,T1 and T2 at the flowering and fruit-setting stage were all greater than that of T3.Stem and leaf dry weight and root dry weight of 20~50 cm first rose and then fell,with the maximum value of T1.Root weight in soil 0~20 cm was gradually increased due to the stimulation of residual film,and the influence of residual film on the biomass of tomato at early growth stage was greater than that at late growth stage.The yield of CK was significantly higher than that of T2 and T3 treatments by 4.80%and 13.63%.It can be seen that too much residual film will obviously affect the growth and yield of tomato,which is not conducive to the healthy development of agriculture.