内蒙古河套灌区地下水埋深时空变化及其驱动因素

Spatial and Temporal Variation of Groundwater Depth and Its Driving Factors in Hetao Irrigation District of Inner Mongolia

河套灌区蒸发量大,降水量稀少并且黄河水资源日益下降,导致灌区水资源短缺,灌区地下水资源量对区域生产生活及经济发展起到重要作用。为了探究河套灌区地下水埋深的时空变异规律,通过收集整理河套灌区各灌域共224眼观测井2008-2018年逐月地下水埋深数据,采用五点三次平滑方法分析各灌域年际与年内地下水埋深变异规律;利用ArcGIS10.2软件绘制各灌域地下水埋深空间变异特性;并结合灰色关联度研究影响地下水埋深变化的主要驱动因素。结果表明,河套灌区地下水埋深总体较浅,但在人为活动与自然条件影响下,灌区地下水开采量逐年增加,导致地下水埋深逐渐下降,并且蒸发量和引黄水量对地下水埋深影响较大。相关部门应尽快采取措施,合理开发地下水资源,有效提升灌区水资源的利用率,保护灌区水生态环境。

The scarcity of precipitation,the large amount of evaporation and the decreasing water resources of the Yellow River in Hetao Irrigation District have led to the increasingly prominent contradiction between water supply and demand in the irrigation district.The amount of groundwater resources in the irrigation district has played an important role in regional production and economic development.In order to explore the variation of groundwater burial depth in Hetao Irrigation District,the monthly groundwater depth data of 224 observation wells in each irrigation area in Hetao Irrigation District were collected and processed from 2008 to 2018,and the inter-annual and intra-annual groundwater in each irrigation area was analyzed by using the five point three times smoothing method buried depth variation.ArcGIS 10.2 software was used to draw the spatial variability of groundwater burial depth in each irrigation area.The main driving factors that influence the change of groundwater depth were studied by combining the grey relational degree.The results show that the groundwater burial depth in Hetao Irrigation District is generally shallow,but under the influence of human activities and natural conditions,the groundwater extraction volume in the irrigation area increases year by year,the burial depth decreases year by year,and the amount of evaporation and water diversion from the Yellow River has a greater impact on groundwater depth.Relevant departments should reasonably develop groundwater resources,effectively improve the utilization rate of water resources in the irrigation area,and protect the water ecological environment in the irrigation area.