中国高等工程教育改革现状、矛盾与转型——基于公立本科院校工科教师的调查分析

China′s Higher Engineering Education: Status, Contradictions and Transformation

工科教师是工程教育改革与发展的生力军。通过问卷调查发现:公立本科院校工科教师具有专业知识储备充足、海外经历与工程实践经验不足等群体性特征;工科教师的工程教育理念与实践存在偏离、对工程教育改革既存在质疑又充满期待;工程教育改革的阻力与人才培养的制约因素都指向校企合作。中国高等工程教育需要的并非局部的改革,而是整体的转型发展。政府与高校的协同互动是工程教育转型的最佳路径。其转型发展具体行动在于,需要创新工程教育理念、构建“双赢”的校企合作实践教育平台、培养教师的工程教育核心能力、建立符合工程教育特点的教师评价体系。

Engineering faculty play an important role in the reform and development of engineering education.Based on the 2018 survey of engineering faculty,the study finds out that they have group characteristics such as plenty of professional knowledge,lack of overseas experience and engineering practice,etc.There is a deviation between the engineering faculty′s concept and their practice of engineering education.They have both doubts and expectations about the reform of Engineering Education.The resistance of engineering education reform and the restriction factors of personnel training all point to the cooperation between schools and enterprises.What is needed in China′s engineering education is not partial reform but overall transformation and development.Synergy between government and universities is the best way of the transformation of engineering education.The Chinas transformation of higher engineering education must innovate education ideas,construct a practical education platform for“win-win”cooperation between schools and enterprises,cultivate the“core competence”of engineering education,and establish a teacher evaluation system that conforms to the characteristics of engineering education.