京师同文馆《八年课程表》与诸西学教育

The Modern Scientific Education Thought of the School of Combined Learning from The Eight-year’s Timetables

京师同文馆成立于1862年,是近代中国由政府兴办的第一所新式外语学校,包括英文馆等外语教学机构和天文学馆等西学教学机构。《八年课程表》是京师同文馆草拟的一个“由洋文而及诸(西)学”的学习进度表,其本质是为“诸(西)学”教育,而非外语教育。《八年课程表》的招生对象,系从英文馆等外语专业借调学生,这与科甲正途出身的官员学者不能适应“诸(西)学”教育有关。《八年课程表》的出台,体现了140余年前近代中国在西学教育中盲目求广、求快的心态,试图以有限时间追求诸多西学专业的全面教育目标,违背了科学教育的客观规律,不具备现实的可行性。《八年课程表》最终没有实施,“诸(西)学”教育实际上朝着专门化、长期化的方向发展。部分学术成果以未执行的“诸(西)学”教育《八年课程表》,对京师同文馆的外语教育,做了过多的解读,颇值商榷。

The School of Combined Learning was the first state-owned foreign language college in modern China,which was founded in 1862 including foreign languages learning and other modern western science learning such as astronomy studies.The Eight-year’s Timetables were sketched out to help foreign language students to learn modern western science rather than English language learning.Its introduction reflected Qing government’s aspiration of haste and scope in learning western science,trying to achieve overall teaching goals within limited time,which violated the objective law of science education and lacked its feasibility.The Eight-year’s Timetables were not implemented ultimately,and the western science learning was actually developing in the direction of specialization and long-term.The academic circle over-interpreted the foreign languages education at the School of Combined Learning with the unexecuted non-English major eight-year’s timetables,which is negotiable.