康熙朝奏折中的经世官员及其典范化

The Apotheosis of Officials Known for Their Mastery of Statecraft in Memorials to Kangxi Emperor

康熙朝经世官员具有两方面的特点:一是拥有掌握特殊治理技术的优点,二是存在很多难以回避的缺点。由于存在缺点,经世官员很难通过常规选任程序进行选拔,只能通过特殊选任程序进行选拔。由于豁免缺点的条件不同,经世官员分别被时人称为"廉吏"或"循吏"。经世官员之所以会被保举,是因为地方督抚可以借此获得人事提名的权力。在18世纪的官箴书中,经世官员所受的处分被解释为坚持人地相宜原则而做出的自我牺牲,原本被视为升迁障碍的缺点反而变成理应效仿的优点。通过这种方式,经世官员演变成为州县官员的典范。

The officials renowned for their political endeavors were divided into two groups.One was incorruptible;the other was law-abiding.In the eighteenth century,it was generally held that the punishments these officials suffered were self-sacrifice for the betterment of the local politics.by this way,these officials were gradually apotheosized.