在政学与名实之间:国立中正大学之创设、运作及命运

Foundation,Operation and Fate of National Chung Cheng University

抗战时期,不少"地方"属性较强的大学改制"国立",中正大学便是其中一例。中正大学创办伊始,"名为国立,实为省立",依托地方当局办学,教育部甚少干预。熊式辉对中正大学拥有较大话语权,甚至可以通过蒋介石凌驾于教育部之上。蒋介石对中正大学时有关切,往往直接下令熊式辉负责,在具体执行层面才交付陈立夫操办。陈立夫无权有责,心存不满,不仅支持与蒋介石、熊式辉、地方当局龃龉不断的胡先骕,且对蒋介石的命令亦执行力度不够,或消极对待。这种特殊的权力格局,深度影响中正大学的运作,与江西工专合并失败,即是例证。抗战胜利后,中正大学重新收归教育部管辖,摆脱了名实不符的尴尬,但却难以得到重视。由于蒋介石、熊式辉深陷内战泥淖,自身难保,中正大学丧失真正的依靠,在各高校普遍陷入经费困难和学潮频发的情形下,其最终命运不言自明。

At the beginning of its foundation,Chung Cheng University was sponsored by local authorities,and had close links with Chiang Kai-shek and Xiong Shihui.Having responsibility but no power,Chen Lifu,the Minister of Education,was displeased and then supported Hu Xiansu who had the courage to confront Chiang Kai-shek and Xiong Shihui.This particular power structure deeply affected the operation of the university.After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War,the university distanced from Chiang Kai-shek and Xiong Shihui,and became administered by the Ministry of Education,but didn’t obtain much attention.Under the circumstance of financial difficulties and frequent student strikes,the fate of Chung Cheng University was doomed.