对置盐定理的批判性解构

The Critical Deconstruction of the Okishio Theorem

在否定马克思一般利润率趋于下降规律的文献中,置盐定理用严谨的数学方法,证明资本主义基本品部门引进先进技术必然使一般利润率上升,因而影响广泛。批评置盐定理的文献存在两个缺陷:未追究作为该定理论证基础的生产价格说是否成立;未深入考察定理所隐含的经济理论基础之真伪。分析表明,置盐的生产价格完全背离马克思的定义,是商品流通加价的产物,定理遵循的是斯密价值论和李嘉图转形论的庸俗成分。置盐不理解一般利润率趋于下降恰恰是单个资本追求超额利润的复合结果,这是资本家的“囚徒困境”。

In the literature that rejects Marx’s theory of the falling rate of profit,the Okishio Theorem has used a strict mathematical method to prove that the introduction of advanced technology in the basic products of the capitalist sectors will inevitably increase the general profit rate.The theorem has thus been very influential.The literature that criticizes the Okishio Theorem has two defects:it does not investigate the validity of the theory of production prices as a basis for proving the theorem,and it does not thoroughly investigate the truth or falsity of the basis for the economic theory implied in the theorem.An analysis shows that the price of production in the Okishio Theorem completely deviates from Marx’s definition,being the product of price increases in commodity circulation.The theorem follows the vulgar elements of Smith’s value theory and Ricardo’s value transformation theory.Okishio fails to understand that the falling rate of profit is precisely the compound result of capital’s sole pursuit of excess profit;it is the“prisoner’s dilemma”of the capitalists.