青岛市中学生痛经发生的流行性调查及相关性分析

Epidemiological Investigation and Correlation Analysis of Dysmenorrhea Among Middle School Students in Qingdao

目的:调查分析青岛市中学生痛经的临床发病特点及影响因素,以期为防治痛经的发生提供理论依据。方法:采用整群分层随机抽样的方法调查青岛市5所中学1440名女生的痛经发生情况,通过问卷调查统计分析痛经发生的相关影响因素。结果:收回有效问卷1200份,检出痛经女生725名,占全部调查对象的60.4%;视觉模拟(VAS)评分以轻度和中度疼痛居多;按中医证候分型,寒凝血瘀型痛经占全部痛经人数的52.0%(377例)。其中,痛经的发生与年级、体质量指数(BMI)、体质相关,初三及BMI<18.5女生痛经检出率较高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。中医体质量表分析痛经女生的体质多为偏颇体质和复合体质,主要表现为痰湿质、气郁质、阳虚质、血瘀质。结论:对青春期痛经患者及易感人群可进行健康教育及生活调摄,采用经期调经止痛与非经期改善体质偏颇相结合的治疗方案,以降低其临床发病率。

Objective:To investigate and analyze the clinical characteristics and influencing factors of dysmenorrhea in middle school students in Qingdao,so as to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of dysmenorrhea.Methods:The incidence of dysmenorrhea in 1440 female students from 5 middle schools in Qingdao was investigated by stratified random sampling.The relevant factors influencing the incidence of dysmenorrhea were analyzed by questionnaire.Results:A total of 725 cases of dysmenorrhea were detected out of these 1200 valid questionnaires,with a detection rate of 60.4%.The Visual Analogue Scale(VAS)scores indicated mostly mild and moderate pain.According to traditional Chinese medici-ne(TCM)syndrome differentiation,among them,dysmenorrhea of cold coagulation and blood stasis type accounted for 52%.The occurrence of dysmenorrhea was related to grade,body mass index(BMI)and physical constitutions with statistical significance(P<0.01).The detection rate of dysmenorrhea was higher among female students in grade junior three and female students with BMI<18.5.According to the TCM constitution scale analysis,female students with dysmenorrhea mostly showed biased constitution and complex constitution.The constitution types of female students with dysmenorrhea are phlegm dampness>qi stagnation>yang deficiency>blood stasis>qi deficiency.Conclusion:For adolescent dysmenorrhea patients and susceptible people,health education and life adjustment should be carried out.In order to reduce its incidence,relieving the pain during menstruation and improving the constitution bias during non-menstruation should be combined.