跨既有铁路线桥梁转体施工安全影响因素及事故致因机理

On safety-influencing factors and accident-causing mechanisms of swivel construction of bridges across existing railway lines

为更好地开展跨既有铁路线桥梁转体施工安全管理,剖析该情境下施工安全影响因素及事故致因机理。基于文献资料、典型案例及专家访谈等方法识别提炼了材料与设备、环境、施工技术、施工管理和人员等5类23个关键影响因素;应用FISM方法构建关键影响因素的多层递阶结构,在此基础上剖析跨既有铁路线桥梁转体施工安全事故致因机理;针对XX特大桥项目进行案例分析并提出安全防护措施。研究结果表明:本文识别的关键影响因素清单科学合理,构建的事故致因机理多层递阶结构模型行之有效;违规指挥、吊机倾斜、球铰变形和结构错位变形等安全事故致因链路关键节点是管控的重点,而规章制度的落实和合理的施工组织设计可避免上述因素处于不安全状态。

In order to better manage the safety of the swivel construction of bridges across existing railway lines,this paper analyzed the factors influencing the construction safety and the accident causes in this type of situation.Based on literature survey,typical case studies,and expert interviews,23 key influencing factors were identified,refined,and categorized into the following five groups:materials and equipment,environment,construction technologies,construction management,and personnel.A multi-level hierarchical structure incorporating key influencing factors was constructed using FISM.Based on this structure,the accident-causing mechanisms of the swivel construction safety of bridges across existing railway lines were analyzed.Finally,the case study of a real-world mega bridge project was performed with corresponding preventive safety measures proposed.The results show that the list of key influencing factors identified is sound and reasonable,and that the multi-level hierarchical structure model constructed to analyze the accident-causing mechanisms is effective.The key nodes of the accident-causing links are the focus of controlling accidents such as illegal command,crane tilt,ball hinge deformation,and structural misalignment deformation.The enforcement of rules and regulations and the reasonable organization and design of construction activities can prevent such factors from falling into unsafe states.