幼儿游戏的德育价值与途径

The Value and Approach of Moral Education in Children's Games

实践教育哲学认为,幼儿德育的逻辑起点与归宿都是幼儿的生活实践活动。而道德是生活的,生活是游戏的原型,游戏内容来源于现实生活。因此游戏是自带德育资源的天然德育途径,游戏的过程便是幼儿实践的过程,也是道德生成和发展的过程。在此意义上,教育者应尊重幼儿好游戏的天性,通过丰富的教育资源为幼儿创设游戏活动,让幼儿在实践中习得道德认知、发展道德情感、锻炼道德意志、练习道德行为。道德认知的习得需要游戏规则的约束及游戏过程中与教育者的对话和交流;道德情感的发展要通过游戏来丰富、培养,让幼儿在游戏中体验道德情感,并通过游戏表达道德情感;道德意志的锻炼要通过教师的介入与过程性评价来为幼儿树立信心与决心;道德行为则需要在游戏中借助教育者的指导,反复练习。同时,需要通过游戏伦理共同体的建设来促进幼儿道德的成长。

The philosophy of practical education believes that the logical starting point and destination of children's moral education are children's life practice activities.But morality is life.Life is the prototype of game,and the content of game originates from real life.Therefore,game is a natural way of moral education with its own moral education resources,and the process of the game is not only the process of children's practice,but also the process of moral generation and development.In this sense,educators should respect children's nature of loving games and create games for children through rich educational resources,so that children can acquire moral cognition,develop moral emotion,exercise moral will and practice moral behavior in practice.The acquisition of moral cognition requires the restriction of game rules and the dialogue and communication with educators during the game.The development of moral emotion should be enriched and cultivated through games,so that children can experience moral emotion in games,and finally express moral emotion through games.The exercise of moral will requires teachers,intervention and process evaluation to build children,s confidence and determination.Moral behavior needs to be practiced repeatedly in the game with the guidance of educators.Finally,the construction of game ethics community can promote children's moral growth.