维京时代冰岛从陆地到海洋的经济转型研究

A Study on Land-Sea Economic Transformation of Iceland in the Viking Era

通过考察9世纪至15世纪维京时代海上活动及其经济影响的考古学证据,收集并整合过去四十年从考古遗址中发掘出的一系列材料,发现冰岛居民一千年前来到这片数百万年未受到人类影响的处女地,这些居民带来的一系列文化和经济传统(如土地所有权和农耕价值观)深受他们气候温和的北大西洋故乡的影响。他们到来后,冰岛环境受到影响并开始恶化,脆弱的自然资源受到侵蚀,这导致他们依赖海洋资源为主要生存和出口贸易来源。其中对海洋资源的依赖形成了居民的长期生存策略。

By investigating the archaeological evidence of the maritime activities and their economic impact in the Viking era from 9 thto 15 thcentury,this paper collects and sorts out a series of materials unearthed from archaeological sites over the past 40 years.It is found that a thousand years ago people came to Iceland,a virgin land untouched by human for millions of years.The settlers brought with them a series of cultural and economic traditions(such as land ownership and farming values)deeply affected by the mild climate in their hometown in the North Atlantic.Since their arrival,the environment of Iceland has been affected and begun to worsen,and fragile natural resources were destroyed,which led to the dependence on marine resources as their main source of survival and export trade.In a broader context of the marine cultural landscape of Iceland,the paper explores some important sites which are part of a larger range of marine cultural landscape,and finds that the dependence on marine resources has formed a long-term survival strategy for residents there.