添加NBPT下氮肥减施对大蒜生长、产量及品质的影响

Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Reduction on Garlic Growth,Yield and Quality with NBPT Addition

为切实有效地减少大蒜氮肥施用量,提高增产增效,本试验研究氮肥减量与NBPT配施效果。试验共设置6个处理:不施N肥(CK1)、常规施N(CK2)、减N10%(T1)、减N20%(T2)、减N30%(T3)及减N40%(T4),其中T1~T4均与NBPT配施,NBPT用量为总N的0.5%,研究了NBPT和氮肥配施下,减施氮肥对大蒜生长、产量及品质的影响。结果表明,氮肥配施NBPT,大蒜各生长指标随氮肥减施基本呈先增后降的趋势,以T2处理较好,显著增加了单头鳞茎重和一级鳞茎比例,较CK2增产15.14%。添加NBPT减施氮肥有利于提高可溶性糖和大蒜素含量,纤维素含量随氮肥减施呈先降后增的趋势,硝酸盐含量呈先增后降的趋势,丙酮酸含量T3较CK2显著增加;各处理间Vc、可溶性蛋白含量无显著差异。采用隶属函数法对大蒜品质进行综合评价,综合品质排名T3>T4>T2>T1>CK2>CK1。综上,大蒜栽培可利用NBPT和氮肥配施的方式达到减氮增效的目的,目前蒜农经济收益以产量效益为主,因此,施氮量减施20%+0.5%NBPT为较优施肥方式,大蒜产量较高且品质较佳。

In order to effectively reduce the application amount of nitrogen fertilizer in garlic and increase yield and synergism,this experiment studied the effect of nitrogen fertilizer reduction and NBPT combination application,a total of 6 treatments were set up:no N control(CK1),conventional N control(CK2),reduction of N 10%(T1),N 20%(T2),N 30%(T3),40%(T4).Among them,T1~T4 were applied with the NBPT,and the NBPT dosage was 0.5%of the total N.The effects of nitrogenous fertilizer reduction on growth,yield and quality of garlic under NBPT and nitrogenous fertilizer application were studied.The results showed that nitrogenous fertilizer with NBPT,the growth index of garlic showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing with the decrease of nitrogenous fertilizer,and the proportion of per bulb weight and primary bulb were significantly increased by T2 treatment,which increased by 15.14%compared with CK2.In addition,when NBPT was added,reducing nitrogen fertilizer was beneficial to increase soluble sugar and Allicin content.Cellulose content decreased first and then increased with the decrease of nitrogen fertilizer,while nitrate content increased first and then decreased,and the pyruvate content increased significantly in T3 compared to in CK2.There was no significant difference in Vc and soluble protein content among the treatments.The comprehensive quality of garlic bulbs was evaluated by the membership function method and ranked:T3>T4>T2>T1>CK2>CK1.In garlic cultivation,the combination of NBPT and nitrogen fertilizer can increase efficiency with the reducing nitrogen,at present,the economic benefit of garlic farmer is mainly based on garlic yield,the application of nitrogen reduction by 20%plus 0.5%NBPT is a better method,and garlic yield is higher and quality is better.