犯罪与成长:德布林的《柏林,亚历山大广场》

Crime and Growth:D?blin’s Berlin Alexanderplatz

阿尔弗雷德·德布林(Alfred D?blin)对20世纪的德国现代文学影响极大,其长篇小说《柏林,亚历山大广场》(Berlin Alexanderplatz)(1929)更被视为魏玛共和国时期的代表性文本。小说叙事语气冷漠而客观,呈现出一种戏剧化的"间离效果",显示出布莱希特的理论影响;各种大胆的形式创新体现了德布林作为表现主义者的先锋性,主要表现为文本中高度频繁的蒙太奇手法,诸多并置事物或意象之间因此构成了强烈的互文性。小说主人公弗兰茨·毕勃科普夫粗鲁、野蛮、自我放纵,且极具攻击性,德布林借助这一复杂的形象来呈现一战后底层人物的现实困境与精神伤痛,并以此来解析柏林这座大都会的灵魂。《柏林,亚历山大广场》由此揭示了小人物形象与大都会的精神风貌之间深刻而紧密的关系。

Alfred Doblin has had a great influence on modern German literature of the 20th century,and his Berlin Alexanderplatz(1929)has been regarded as one of the representative classic works of the Weimar Republic.In this book,the narrator’s tone is cold and objective,showing a dramatic"alienation effect"which is evidently influenced by Brecht theoretically.A variety of bold formal innovations reflect his nature of an pioneering expressionist,as is manifest in his highly frequent and active montage technique in the text,while many juxtapositions of things or images therefore constitute a strong intertextuality.The protagonist,Franz Biberkopf,is rude,brutal,self indulgent,and extremely aggressive,and Doblin uses this non-simple image to portray the actual plight and mental pain of lower-class people in the wake of World War I and to analyze the soul of Berlin as a metropolis.Therefore,Berlin Alexanderplatz reveals the profound and close relationship between the image of minor persons and the spirit of the metropolis.