10世纪前东胡族系多元与动态性游牧生产研究

Study on the Multiple and Dynamic Nomadic Production of Donghu Family before the 10th Century

相比于资料较为丰富且有民族语言文献的契丹与蒙古,10世纪之前东胡族系游牧生产的研究相对薄弱,且有被固定化、同一化的倾向。通过对东胡、乌桓、鲜卑、柔然、室韦等东胡族系部族在牧业生产环境、牲畜结构、游牧生产方式三个方面的考察。可以发现,不同部族随着迁移,接触到了更为多元的牧业生产环境,进而影响到其牲畜结构与游牧生产方式。由此可见,东胡族系游牧生产并不是一个长期固定的同质化模式,其内部具有多元性,且随着牧业生产环境的不同而动态变化。因此,在面对东部族系的游牧生产及社会问题时,应该打破均质、固化的观念,用多元的、动态的眼光去认识和分析。

Compared with Qidan and Mongolia,which are rich in data and have ethnic language documents,the study of nomadic production in Donghu ethnic group before the 10th Century is relatively weak and has a tendency to be fixed and identical.Through the study of the production environment,livestock structure and nomadic production mode of the Donghu ethnic group before tenth Century(such as Donghu,Wuhuan,Xianbei,and Shiwei),it can be found that with the migration of different tribes,they have come into contact with more diversified animal husbandry production environment,which further affects their livestock structure and nomadic production mode.It can be seen that the nomadic production of Donghu ethnic group is not a long-term fixed homogenization mode,and its internal diversity changes dynamically with the different production environment of animal husbandry.Therefore,in the face of the nomadic production and social problems of the eastern ethnic group,we should break the concept of homogeneity and solidity,and use a diverse and dynamic perspective to understand and analyze.