从晚清时期的东北豆货业看日商与华商的关系——以三井物产会社为中心

The Relation between Japanese and Chinese Merchants in the Perspective of Northeast Soybean Business in Late Qing Dynasty

晚清时期,大量日商进入中国活动,与华商打交道。作为日本在华商业资本的代表,三井物产会社在甲午战争之前就参与中国东北豆货业,与华商形成错综复杂的关系。三井物产会社初始主要依靠营口华商收购豆货。日俄战争后,三井物产会社进入东北内地收购豆货,但华商仍然是重要的收购来源。在东北豆货的不同贸易市场,三井物产会社与华商形成了不同关系。在对日贸易方面,三井物产会社与一些华商发挥各自的优势联合经营东北豆货对日贸易。日俄战争后双方又展开竞争。在沿海贸易方面,三井物产会社无力挑战华商的优势地位。在对欧贸易方面则呈现出相反的局面。三井物产会社还利用华商的资本、经验和声望,与华商合资开办新式油坊。三井物产会社之类的日商之所以能在中国立足,其中一个重要原因就是妥善处理并调整了与华商的关系。

Many Japanese merchants advanced into China and had dealings with Chinese merchants in Late Qing Dynasty.As a representative of Japanese commercial capital,Mitsui Bussan Kaisha had did Northeast soybean business before the Sino-Japanese War of 1894—1895,and built complex relations with Chinese merchants.At first,Mitsui Bussan Kaisha depended on Chinese merchants in Yingkou to purchase soybeans.After Russo-Japanese war,it entered the hinterland of Northeast China.Nevertheless,Chinese merchants were still important soybean suppliers for it.Mitsui Bussan Kaisha showed different relations in different markets of Northeast soybean.Mitsui Bussan Kaisha and some Chinese merchants in japan used their own advantages to do Northeast soybean trade with Japan.However,they returned to competition After Russo-Japanese war.It was hard to shake Chinese merchants'superiority for Mitsui Bussan Kaisha In costal trade.The opposite situation occurred in trade with Europe.Moreover,Mitsui Bussan Kaisha utilizied Chinese merchants'capital,experience and reputation to set up a soybean oil factory.One of the reasons why Japanese merchants such as Mitsui Bussan Kaisha successed in winning a foothold in China,is because they handled and adjusted properly the relations with Chinese merchants.