初中生心理健康现状及其家庭影响因素

Investigation and analysis of family-related factors of junior middle school students with mental health status in rural Chongqing

目的:了解重庆市某区初中生心理健康状况及家庭影响因素,为进一步针对性开展初中生心理健康教育工作提供依据。方法:采用分层整群抽样的方式,在重庆市某城区和乡镇抽取5所中学,采用中学生心理健康评定量表及自编基本情况问卷,对3132名初中生进行问卷调查。结果:重庆某区初中生心理健康阳性检出率为37.1%,其中轻度心理问题检出率为31.5%,中度心理问题检出率为5.2%,重度心理问题检出率为0.4%。检出率最高的因子依次是情绪不平衡、强迫症状和学习压力。单因素分析结果显示,是否独生子女对初中生学习压力因子均分的影响具有统计学意义(t=2.00,P<0.05);是否留守对初中生心理健康总均分、偏执、敌对、焦虑和情绪不平衡因子均分的影响均有统计学意义(t=2.27~3.46,P<0.05);是否单亲或重组家庭对初中生敌对因子均分的影响具有统计学意义(t=2.67,P<0.05);父母关系、与父亲关系和与母亲关系对初中生心理健康总均分和10个因子均分的影响均有统计学意义(F=14.04~68.24,15.59~82.32,15.94~66.78;P<0.001);父亲文化程度和母亲文化程度对初中生人际关系紧张与敏感因子均分的影响均有统计学意义(F=5.76,3.28;P<0.05);家庭经济状况对初中生心理健康总均分、偏执、人际关系紧张与敏感、抑郁、焦虑、学习压力、适应不良和心理不平衡因子均分的影响均有统计学意义(F=3.22~9.93,P<0.05);教养方式对初中生心理健康总均分和10个因子均分的影响均有统计学意义(F=12.42~69.29,P<0.001)。多因素逐步回归分析结果显示,影响初中生心理健康的家庭影响因素有是否留守、家庭经济状况、父母关系、与父亲关系、与母亲关系和教养方式,留守、家庭经济状况差、父母关系差、与父亲关系差、与母亲关系差和非民主型教养的初中生心理健康状况更差(P<0.05)。结论:是否留守、家庭经济状况、父母关系、与父亲关系、与母亲关系和教养方式等家庭因素影响初中生心理健康状况。

Objective:To investigate the mental health status of students in junior middle school and to explore the relationship between it with the factors of family.Methods:A cross-sectional study was carried out among 3132 junior middle school students who were selected through multiple-stage stratified cluster sampling method by using The Mental Health Inventory of Middle-School Students scale and self-made questionnaire.Results:The incidence of junior middle school students mental health problem was 37.1%.Among them,the incidence of mild psychological problem was 31.5%,and more than moderate was 5.6%.Among the 10 components form factors,the top three detection rates were emotional imbalance,obsessive-compulsive symptom and study pressure.Univariate analysis suggested that being single child or not could affect academic stress of junior middle school students(t=2.00,P<0.05);Being left-behind child or not was significantly associated with total mental health status,paranoia,hostility,anxiety and emotional imbalance(t=2.27~3.46,P<0.05);Single parent and reorganized family or not could affect hostility significantly(t=2.67,P<0.05);Relationship between mother and father,relationship with father,relationship with mother significantly associated with total mental health status and 10 sub-dimensional mental health status(F=14.04~68.24,15.59~82.32,15.94~66.78;P<0.001);The education level of father and mother could affect interpersonal relationship(F=5.76,3.28;P<0.05);Family economic status was significantly associated with total mental health status,paranoia,interpersonal relationship,depression,anxiety,academic stress,maladjustment and psychological imbalance(F=3.22~9.93,P<0.05);Parenting style were associated with total mental health status and 10 sub-dimensional mental health status(F=12.42~69.29,P<0.001).Multivariate stepwise regression analysis showed that being left-behind child,poor family economic status,poor parental relationship,poor relationship with father,poor relationship with mother and democratic parenting style were associated with total mental health status of junior middle school students(P<0.05).Conclusion:Being left-behind child or not,family economic status,parental relationship,relationship with father,relationship with mother and partenting style can influence junior shool students’ mental health.