光伏板风冷及水冷技术研究进展

Research Progress of Air Cooling and Water Cooling Technologies for Photovoltaic Panels

太阳能清洁、无污染,利用光伏板可将光能转换为高品位的电能。光伏板一般由前板玻璃、热熔胶薄膜、电池、背板组成,温度是影响光伏电池性能的主要因素,对光伏电池采取冷却措施可提高其光电转换率,增加系统发电量。空气和水作为常见冷却介质可有效降低光伏电池运行温度。对近年来国内外关于光伏板空冷和水冷的相关研究成果进行综述,梳理了空冷和水冷两种冷却方式下光伏板温降和能效提升的情况,同时介绍了采用数值计算方法研究光伏板表面水膜冷却的工作进展。分析发现,空冷条件下,光伏板平均温度与太阳辐照度和环境温度呈线性分布,其中太阳辐照度和环境温度的相关系数分别为0.03和0.92,且辐射在光伏板传热方面的影响不可忽略;另外,光伏板表面水膜冷却条件下,环境温度居主导地位,水膜分布不均造成电池温度分布不均,间接影响其使用寿命。

Solar energy is clean and pollution-free.Photovoltaic(PV) panel can be used to convert light energy into high-grade electrical energy.Generally PV panel consists of front glass,hot-melt adhesive film,cell and backplane.Temperature is the main factor influencing the working performance of PV cell,so the photoelectric conversion efficiency of PV cell and the power generation of system can be improved by introducing proper cooling methods.As common cooling media,air and water can effectively reduce the operating temperature of PV cell.This paper reviews the research development of PV panel with air cooling and water cooling in recent years at home and abroad,discusses the specific temperature drop and energy efficiency improvement of PV panel with air cooling and water cooling methods,and introduces the progress of research on surface film cooling of PV panel by numerical computation.The analysis shows that the average temperature of PV panel has a linear relationship with solar irradiance and ambient temperature under air cooling,the correlation coefficients of solar irradiance and ambient temperature are 0.03 and 0.92 respectively,and the influence of radiation on the heat transfer of PV panel cannot be ignored.In addition,ambient temperature is dominant under the condition of surface film cooling of PV panel,and the uneven distribution of water film causes the uneven temperature distribution of cell,indirectly affecting its service life.