中班幼儿抑制控制能力和社会适应的关系

Relationship between inhibitory control ability and social adaptation ofmiddle classchildren

目的:探究中班儿童的抑制控制能力和社会适应的关系,为教师和家长选择适当的教育教学方法,提高儿童抑制控制和社会适应的能力。方法:通过问卷法和实验法,选取北京市某幼儿园的160名中班幼儿作为实验对象,通过教师填写《幼儿长处与困难问卷》和幼儿参与狮子大象任务,来探究中班幼儿的抑制控制能力和社会适应的现状与性别差异以及二者之间的关系。结果:中班幼儿的抑制任务得分存在显著的性别差异(t=-3.01,P<0.01);无策略、言语策略、非言语策略以及言语和非言语策略并用是幼儿在抑制任务中出现的策略类型,其中未使用策略幼儿的任务得分显著高于使用策略的幼儿(t=-2.27,P<0.05)。中班幼儿的多动行为存在显著的性别差异[t(126)=2.64,P<0.01];中班幼儿的亲社会行为存在显著的性别差异[t(134)=-2.13,P<0.05];抑制控制能力对多动和同伴交往问题具有负向的预测作用。结论:中班阶段的幼儿,女生的抑制控制能力明显优于男生,女生的社会适应能力同样显著高于男生。中班幼儿已经能够使用多种策略来达到抑制自身行为的目的,且提升幼儿的抑制控制能力对解决幼儿同伴交往问题具有一定作用。

Objective:To explore the relationship between restraint and control ability and social adaptation of middle school children,and to select appropriate teaching methods for teachers and parents to improve children’s restraint and control ability and social adaptation ability.Methods:Through questionnaires and experiments,160 middle school children in a kindergarten in Wuhan city were selected as experimental subjects.Through the teacher’s fill in the children’s strengths and difficulties questionnaire and children’s participation in the lion elephant task,we explored the relationship between the inhibitory control ability and social adaptation of the middle class children,the gender differences and the relationship between the two.Results:There were significant gender differences in suppression task scores among middle class children(t=-3.01,P<0.01);No strategy,verbal strategy,nonverbal strategy,and verbal and nonverbal strategies were used as strategies for children to suppress tasks.Among them,children with unused strategies had significantly higher scores than those using strategies(t=2.27,P<0.05).There were significant gender differences in the hyperactivity behavior among the middle class children(t=2.64,P<0.01);There were significant gender differences in prosocial behavior among the middle class children(t=-2.13,P<0.05);Inhibition control ability had a negative predictive effect on hyperactivity and peer interaction problems.Conclusion:Girls’ ability of restraint and control is obviously better than boys’ at the middle class stage,and girls’ ability of social adaptation is also significantly higher than boys’.Secondary school children have been able to use a variety of strategies to achieve the purpose of restraining their own behavior,and to enhance the ability of restraint and control of children has a certain role in solving the problem of peer interaction.