新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间广东省857名不同级别人群心理健康状况的网络调查

An online investigation of mental health status of 857 different status identities in Guangdong province during the outbreak of COVID-19

目的调查新型冠状病毒肺炎(简称新冠肺炎)疫情下不同级别人群的心理健康状况,为制定人群心理干预策略提供参考。方法采用横断面研究方法于2020年1月30日至2月28日通过网络对857名广东省民众的心理健康状况进行调查,根据人群受疫情影响的程度,将人群分为第一级人群215人、第二级人群91人、第三级人群120人、第四级人群431人,并采用广泛性焦虑量表(Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale,GAD-7)、患者健康问卷抑郁症状群量表(Patient Health Questionnaire-9,PHQ-9)、压力知觉量表(Perceived Stress Scale,PSS-10)对不同人群的心理健康状况进行评定。采用Kruskal-Wallis H检验分别对各级人群间3个量表总分的差异性进行检验,并根据Bonferroni法对各组进行两两比较,最后采用Wilcoxon秩和检验进一步分析其各量表维度间的差异。结果857名受试者GAD-7评分为4(1,8)分,PHQ-9评分为4(1,9)分,PSS-10评分为16(11,19)分。不同级别人群中GAD-7(H=15.235,P<0.01)、PHQ-9(H=9.265,P=0.026)、PSS-10(H=8.435,P=0.049)评分差异均有统计学意义。GAD-7评分:第一级人群焦虑程度高于第二级人群且高于第四级人群,两两比较差异具有统计学意义(Z=-2.932、-4.012、-2.949,均P<0.05),具体差异表现为“变得容易烦恼或急躁”“感到害怕、似乎将发生可怕的事情”等维度;PHQ-9评分:第一级人群、第二级人群抑郁程度高于第四级人群,两两比较差异具有统计学意义(Z=-3.387、-2.682,均P<0.05),具体差异表现为“感到心情低落沮丧”“入睡困难或睡不醒”等相关维度;PSS-10评分:第三级人群应激程度高于第一级人群且高于第四级人群,两两比较差异具有统计学意义(Z=-2.702、-3.693、-2.735,均P<0.05),具体差异表现为“对自己感到信心”“事情发展如预料一样”“能够控制愤怒情绪”“事情都在控制中”等相关维度。结论新冠肺炎疫情对不同级别的人群心理健康状况影响各不相同,应针对不同人群结合其心理健康状况提供合适的心理干预。

Objective This study aims to study the mental health status of people with different identities during the fight against COVID-19.Further,we propose psychological intervention strategies for people with different identities.Methods 857 participants from Guangdong province(215 identified as first-level population referring to the impact severity of the outbreak,91 as second-level population,120 as third-level population,and 431 as fourth level population)were cross-sectionally surveyed online from January 30 to February 28,2020.The Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale(GAD-7),the Patient Health Questionnaire-9(PHQ-9),and the Perceived Stress Scale(PSS-10)were used to evaluate the mental health status of different populations.The Kruskal-Wallis H test was used to test the differences of the total scores of these three scales across populations at different levels,and the groups were compared pairwise with the Bonferroni method.Finally,the Wilcoxon rank sum test was used to further analyze the dimensions between the scales.Results In all 857 subjects,the total scores of GAD-7,PHQ-9,and PSS-10 were 4(1,8),4(1,9),and 16(11,19),respectively.There were statistically significant differences in the scores of GAD-7(H=15.235,P<0.01),PHQ-9(H=9.265,P=0.026),and PSS-10(H=8.435,P=0.049)among different levels of the population.For the score of GAD-7,the anxiety severity of the first-level crowd was higher than that of the second-level crowd and the fourth-level crowd.The pairwise comparisons were statistically significant(Z=-2.932,-4.012,-2.949,P<0.005);there were significant between-group differences in domains of"becoming easily annoyed or irritable"and"seemingly terrible things will happen".For the score of PHQ-9,the depression severity of the first-level crowd and the second-level crowd was higher than that of the fourth-level crowd,and the pairwise comparisons were statistically significant(Z=-3.387,-2.682,P<0.005).There were significant between-group differences in domains of"difficult to fall asleep or not awake","feeling depressed"and other related domains.For the score of PSS-10,the stress severity of the third-level crowd was higher than that of the first-level crowd and the fourth-level crowd(Z=-2.702,-3.693,-2.735,P<0.005).There were significant between-group differences in domains of"feel confident","life is as expected","the ability to control anger","the things are all under control",and other related domains.Conclusion The impact of the COVID-19 on mental health in people with different identities is different,and appropriate psychological interventions should be provided for different populations according to their mental health status.