130名抗新型冠状病毒肺炎一线救援医务人员焦虑抑郁状况调查及影响因素分析

Analytical report of anxiety and depression of 130 first-line medical staff against COVID-19

目的调查130名抗新型冠状病毒肺炎(简称新冠肺炎)一线医务人员焦虑抑郁状况,并分析相关影响因素,为对其进行有效心理干预提供客观依据。方法通过微信工作群在线发放电子调查问卷,包括广泛性焦虑量表(Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale,GAD-7)和患者健康问卷抑郁症状群量表(Patient Health Questionnaires,PHQ-9)以及简易自制问卷(包括8个与焦虑抑郁相关的因素)对浙江省援助武汉科技大学附属天佑医院的一线医务人员进行心理测评,并分析影响一线医务人员焦虑抑郁的相关因素。不同人口学特征变量下的焦虑抑郁症状发生率的差异性比较采用χ²检验,焦虑抑郁症状与影响因素的相关性采用Pearson相关分析。结果共收回调查问卷130份,回收率为86.7%(130/150)。共48人存在焦虑抑郁症状(36.9%,48/130),41人存在焦虑症状(31.8%,41/130),36人存在抑郁症状(27.7%,36/130)。不同性别、年龄、婚姻状况、学历、职业、职称、来源科室、参加抗击疫情时间的医务人员焦虑症状发生率差异均无统计学意义;不同性别、年龄、婚姻状况、职业、职称、科室、参加抗击疫情时间的医务人员抑郁症状发生率差异均无统计学意义,而不同学历医务人员之间抑郁症状发生率差异有统计学意义(χ²=5.220,P=0.034)。疾病因素、工作因素、时间因素、安全因素在有无焦虑症状医务人员和有无抑郁症状医务人员中所占比例差异均有统计学意义;管理因素在有焦虑症状医务人员和无焦虑症状医务人员中所占比例差异有统计学意义(χ²=13.578,P<0.01)。其他因素在无焦虑症状医务人员中的比例高于有焦虑症状医务人员(χ²=6.229,P=0.012)。焦虑症状和抑郁症状分值与疾病因素、工作因素、时间因素、安全因素、管理因素均呈正相关,而与其他因素呈负相关(r=-0.287,P<0.05)。结论抗新冠肺炎一线医务人员存在焦虑抑郁症状,疫情相关因素对其有明显影响,有必要对其进行有效心理干预。

Objective This study aims to understand the anxiety and depressive symptoms among the front-line medical staff against the COVID-19 and the related factors.Methods 130 front-line medical staff from Tianyou Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of science and technology were assessed by the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale(GAD-7),the Patient Health Questionnaires(PHQ-9)scale,and the simple self-designed questionnaire(including 8 factors related to anxiety and depressive symptoms).The prevalence of anxiety and depression of different participants according to demographic characteristics were compared withχ2 test.The association between depression/anxiety and impact factors was analyzed using the Pearson correlation method.Results 48 people had anxiety and depressive symptoms,accounting for 36.9%(48/130)of the total sample.41 people had anxiety symptoms,accounting for 31.8%(41/130)of the total sample.36 people had depressive symptoms,accounting for 27.7%(36/130)of the total sample.Gender,age,marital status,education level,occupation,professional title,department,and duration of taking part in the fight against the COVID-19 had no correlation with the prevalence of anxiety.Gender,age,marital status,occupation,professional title,department,and duration of taking part in the fight against the COVID-19 had no correlation with the prevalence of depression,however education level had correlation with the prevalence of depression(χ²=5.220,P=0.034).Disease factor,work factor,time factor,and safety factor were all related to anxiety and depression.The proportion of management factors in the anxiety group was significantly higher than that in the group without anxiety(χ²=13.578,P<0.01).The proportion of other factors in the group without anxiety was significantly higher than that in the group with anxiety(χ²=6.229,P=0.012).The severity of anxiety and depression was positively correlated with disease factor,work factor,time factor,safety factor,and management factor,and negatively correlated with other factors(r=-0.287,P<0.05).Conclusion There were anxiety and depressive symptoms in front-line medical staff against COVID-19,which was significantly related to the characteristics of the COVID-19 epidemic.It is necessary to carry out psychological intervention for this population.