太阳能加热饮水系统节能效果研究

Study on energy saving effect of solar heating drinking water system

为了缓解肉牛冬季冷应激情况,减少能源消耗和降低饲养成本,试验选择2栋结构形式完全相同的有窗牛舍作为试验舍和对照舍,分别采用太阳能加热和电加热方式的恒温饮水系统为牛只提供恒温饮水,对比两牛舍的饮水温度、耗电量、生长性能和牛舍环境,研究其节能效果。结果表明:试验舍和对照舍的平均饮水温度分别为11.97℃和11.76℃(P>0.05),各时间点饮水杯内水温均差异不显著;耗电量分别为185.57 kW·h和239.71 kW·h,存在极显著差异(P<0.01);试验牛日增重分别为1.18 kg/头和1.01 kg/头,差异不显著(P>0.05)。试验期间,试验舍和对照舍温度分别为4.39℃和3.78℃,差异显著(P<0.05);相对湿度分别为88.19%和86.81%,差异不显著(P>0.05);CO2浓度分别为2 880.79 mg/m^3和2 690.40 mg/m^3,NH3浓度分别为6.51 mg/m^3和4.85 mg/m^3,均存在极显著差异(P<0.01)。说明与电加热恒温饮水系统相比,太阳能恒温饮水系统每天节省耗电54.14 kW·h,整个冬季试验舍比对照舍节约2 858.40元,既节省能源又降低饲养成本,经济效益可观。

In order to alleviate the cold stress of beef cattle in winter and reduce the energy consumption and the feeding cost,two windowed cowsheds with the same structure were selected as the test and the control cowsheds.The two groups were given constant temperature drinking water by solar thermal collector and electricity heating systems,respectively,and the energy saving effects were studied by comparing the water temperature,electricity consumption,growth performance and the environment of the two cowsheds.The results showed that the average temperature of drinking water in the test barn and the control barn was 11.97℃and 11.76℃,and there was no significant difference in the water temperature in the drinking cups at each time point(P>0.05).The power consumption was 185.57 kw·h and 239.71 kw·h,respectively,there was significant difference(P<0.01).The weight gain of cattle was 1.18 kg/head and 1.01 kg/head,but the difference was not significant(P>0.05).The temperature in the test barn and the control barn was 4.39℃and 3.78℃,respectively,and the difference was significant(P<0.05).The relative humidity was 88.19%and 86.81%,respectively,but the difference was not significant(P>0.05).The concentration of CO2 of the two barns was 2880.79 mg/m^3 and 2690.40 mg/m^3,respectively,and the concentration of NH3 was 6.51 mg/m^3 and 4.85 mg/m^3,respectively,there were significant differences(P<0.01).These results showed that the solar constant temperature drinking water system can save 54.14 kw·h per day,and the cost of the whole winter test shed is 2858.40 yuan less than that of the control shed,and indicated that the solar energy constant temperature drinking water system can save energy and reduce feeding cost,and has economic feasibility.