新工科专业供给侧结构性改革的路径和机制

On Paths and Mechanism of Supply-side Structural Reform in Emerging Engineering Education

新工科是"卓越工程师教育培养计划"2.0的核心内容和主要抓手,是新工科、新医科、新农科、新文科"四新"建设的领头雁,新工科建设的路径和机制是"四新"建设的基本参考。构建科学的新工科专业结构是新工科建设的基础工程,要准确把握新工科专业建设需求侧即产业界的需求,摸清供给侧即高校的家底,将新工科的内涵在实操层面还原为"新的工科专业"与"工科的新要求"。围绕这两个基本点,超前布局战略性新兴产业相关专业、全要素改造升级传统工科专业,是新工科专业供给侧结构性改革的基本路径和主要机制。差异化、梯度式推进模式是新工科专业供给侧结构性改革的有效治理机制,将推进高校新工科教育治理体系不断完善、治理能力不断提升。

Emerging Engineering Education(3 E)is the core and focus of the"Excellent Engineer Training Program"2.0.It is also the leader of the"Four Emerging Education",including Emerging Engineering Education,Emerging Medicine Education,Emerging Agricultural Education and Emerging Liberal Arts Education.The path and mechanism of 3 E is the basic reference for"Four Emerging Education"construction.Constructing a scientific specialty structure is the foundation of the construction of 3 E.Therefore,we should accurately grasp the demands of industries,study thoroughly the reality of universities,and understand the connotation of 3 E,which actually includes two basic points,"new engineering majors"and"new requirements for engineering majors".Based on these two basic points,we will plan the strategic emerging industry-related majors in advance and transform traditional engineering majors,which are the basic paths and main mechanism for the supply-side structural reform of 3 E.The differentiated and gradient-oriented promotion model not only is an effective governance mechanism for supply-side structural reform,but also will promote the continuous improvement of the governance system and governance capability of 3 E in universities.