股东出资“合理怀疑”规则的检视及程序展开——基于《公司法解释三》第20条的实证分析

Review and Procedural Expansion of the“Reasonable Doubt”Rule for Shareholder Contributions——An Empirical Study Based on Article 20 of Provisions of the Supreme People’s Court on Certain Issues Concerning the Application of the“Company Law of the People’s Republic of China”(Ⅲ)

《公司法解释三》第20条建立了对股东出资情况的“合理怀疑”规则。这一规则与民事诉讼证据制度力图查明事实的功能定位不同,与解决证据偏在问题所设定的两项具体规则衔接并不顺畅。规则本身未确定“合理怀疑”的实体判断标准,规则适用的程序节点不明确,以致司法实务效果欠佳。法官应参照“合理怀疑”的实体判断基准,以现行民事诉讼程序为基础,在庭前会议、证据调查环节,通过原告事实主张具体化,适时对被告科处事案解明义务,并在此基础上确定相应举证责任承担主体。

Article 20 of Provisions of the Supreme People’s Court on Certain Issues Concerning the Application of the“Company Law of the People’s Republic of China”(III)establishes the“reasonable doubt”rule for shareholder contributions.This rule is different from the functional positioning of the civil litigation evidence system in trying to find out the facts,and it is not smooth to link up with the two specific rules set up to solve the evidence bias problem.The rule itself does not determine the standard of“reasonable doubt”entity judgment,and the procedure node to which the rule applies is not clear,so that the judicial practice is not effective.Judges should refer to the standard of“reasonable doubt”entity judgment,based on the current civil litigation procedures,in the pre-trial meeting,evidence investigation,through the plaintiff’s specifying the factual claims,and timely fulfill the obligations of clarifying the defendant’s case,and on this basis,identify the corresponding bearer of the burden of proof.