砒砂岩区不同土地利用类型土壤入渗性能及其影响因素研究

Soil infiltration Capacity and Its Influencing Factors of Different Land Use Types in Feldspathic Sandstone Region

砒砂岩区是黄河中游粗泥沙集中来源区之一。为了探究砒砂岩区不同土地利用类型土壤入渗性能及其影响因素,该文以砒砂岩区鲍家沟小流域的林地、水浇地、草地和裸地土壤为研究对象。采用野外双环法测定土壤入渗速率,运用约束性排序方法分析了土壤因子与入渗速率的关系。结果表明:(1)研究区不同土地利用类型土壤容重在1.34-1.52g·cm-3之间,林地和水浇地相比其他土地利用类型土壤更为疏松且肥沃,利于水分的入渗;(2)研究区林地的初渗速率为14.96 mm·min-1显著高于其他土地利用类型,其余依次为水浇地、草地和裸地,稳渗速率在0.53-2.71mm·min-1之间,呈水浇地>林地>草地>裸地的趋势;(3)4种模型中Kostiakov模型对砒砂岩区不同土地利用类型土壤入渗过程模拟效果最好;(4)冗余分析排序关系可以充分反映土壤因子对入渗速率的影响作用,土壤容重对初渗速率的解释能力最强,土壤有机质含量对稳渗速率的解释能力最强。砒砂岩区林地土壤肥力条件良好,其水分入渗过程主要受土壤容重的影响。而草地、裸地的土壤贫瘠且结构较差,入渗过程受多因素的综合影响。水浇地土壤结构与人为管理措施有关,其入渗过程主要受土壤养分条件的影响。

Feldspathic sandstone region is one of the main coarse sand source regions in the middle reach of Yellow River.In order to identify the soil infiltration capacity and its influencing factors of different land use types in feldspathic sandstone region,we selected forest land,irrigable land,grass land,and bare land as the study objects.This paper studied soil infiltration rate by using infiltration ring,and analyzed the relationship between soil properties and infiltration capacity.The results showed that:(1)Soil bulk density range from 1.34 to 1.52 g·cm-3,compared with other land use types forest land,forest land has relatively strong infiltration ability because of fertility and loose soil.(2)The highest value of initial infiltration rate in forest land was 14.96 mm·min-1,the others were irrigable land,grass land,and bare land.the steady infiltration rate range from 0.53 to 2.71,we found that steady infiltration rate according to topographic factors a trend:irrigable land>forest land>grass land>bare land.The fitting effect of Kostiakov model was the best among the four models.And(3)redundancy analysis(RDA)demonstrated that the sequence model can reflect the effect of soil factors on infiltration rate.The soil bulk possesses better description ability for initial infiltration rate,and the soil organic matter content has the strongest explanatory ability to the steady infiltration rate.The forest have such fertile soil,and its infiltration process is mainly affected by the soil bulk density.The grassland soil is barren,its infiltration process is influenced by many factors.The irrigable land soil is heavily related with agricultural management practice which is controlled by human,its infiltration process is mainly influenced by soil nutrient conditions.