济南市居民水产品中常见重金属含量监测及风险评估

Monitoring and risk assessment of common heavy metals in aquatic products of residents in Jinan city

目的了解济南市居民水产品中铅、镉、汞、砷四种重金属的污染现状,评估暴露风险。方法2016~2019年对济南市6类水产品中的铅、镉、汞、砷含量进行监测,以山东省居民食物标准人均水产品消费量数据和4种重金属元素的健康指导值或基准剂量为参数,应用点评估方法对济南市居民水产品铅、镉、汞、砷暴露水平进行评估。结果共监测水产品561份,镉超标率最高,为7.31%;其次为铅,超标率为3.39%。水产品中4种重金属元素平均含量和P95含量由大到小顺序均依次为砷、铅、镉、汞,铅、镉超标率较高,集中在甲壳类、双壳类和干制水产品等种类。居民水产品中每月铅、镉、汞、砷的平均暴露量分别为3.52、2.66、0.58、13.25μg/kg,与相应的暂定每月允许摄入量或基准剂量相比较,安全限值均大于1;P95含量分别为15.60、13.21、1.96、67.76μg/kg,安全限值也均大于1。结论济南市居民水产品中铅、镉、汞、砷暴露水平位于安全限值以内,通过水产品摄入这4种重金属元素没有明显风险,但应重视干制水产品、双壳类、甲壳类中铅、镉富集性问题。

Objective To investigate the pollution status of lead,cadmium,mercury and arsenic in aquatic products of residents in Jinan,and to assess their exposure risk.Methods The content of lead,cadmium,mercury and arsenic in six kinds of aquatic products in Jinan was monitored from 2016 to 2019.Taking the per capita aquatic product consumption data of residents’food standards in Shandong Province and the health guidance values or benchmark doses of 4 heavy metal elements as parameters,the exposure levels of lead,cadmium,mercury and arsenic in aquatic products of residents in Jinan city was evaluated by point assessment method.Results A total of 561 aquatic products were monitored,with the highest exceeding rate of cadmium 7.31%,followed by lead,the exceeded rate was 3.39%.The average contents and P95 contents of 4 heavy metals in aquatic products were arsenic,lead,cadmium and mercury in the order from the largest to the smallest.The lead and cadmium exceeded the standard at a high rate,which were concentrated in crustaceans,bivalves and dried aquatic products.The average monthly exposure levels of lead,cadmium,mercury and arsenic in residential aquatic products are 3.52,2.66,0.58 and 13.25μg/kg,respectively.Compared with the corresponding provisional tolerable monthly intake or benchmark dose limit,the margins of safety were all greater than 1.The contents of P95 were 15.60,13.21,1.96,and 67.76μg/kg,respectively,and the margins of safety were all greater than 1.Conclusion The exposure levels of lead,cadmium,mercury and arsenic in aquatic products of Jinan residents are within the safety limits,and there is no obvious risk of ingestion of these four heavy metals through aquatic products,but it should be pay attention to the problem of the enrichment of lead and cadmium in dried aquatic products,bivalves and crustaceans.