智能应急救援装备研究现状与发展趋势

Research Status and Development Trend of Intelligent Emergency Rescue Equipment

在地震、火灾等灾害现场,抢险救援任务的紧迫性突显了对智能化应急救援装备的迫切需求。智能应急救援装备的使用可极大地提高救援队伍的战斗力,快速、高效地处理各类灾害,特别是突如其来的严重灾难,大大减少救援人员的伤亡和国家的财产损失,具有重要的研究意义。按照工作环境和用途可将智能应急救援装备分为空中救援装备、陆地救援装备、水下救援装备以及通用救援装备等。在对智能应急救援装备及关键技术的研究现状进行概述的基础上,分析发现了当前研究还存在着缺乏高效的机构设计方法、装备可靠性不佳、智能化程度较低、通信技术成熟度不高以及人机友好性较差等问题,这都导致了智能应急救援装备在大型灾害现场应用程度不高。指出了智能应急救援装备将向着先进的结构设计、可靠的运动性能、高智能化、快速精准的通信及良好的人机交互的方向发展。

In the disaster scenes, such as earthquake and fire, the urgency of the rescue mission highlights the urgent need for intelligent emergency rescue equipment. The use of intelligent emergency rescue equipment can greatly improve the combat effectiveness of the rescue team, and deal with various disasters quickly and efficiently, especially the sudden and serious disasters. It can reduce the casualties and property losses, which is of great significance for its research. According to the working environment and use, intelligent emergency rescue equipment can be divided into air, land, underwater and common rescue equipment. On the basis of summarizing the research status of intelligent emergency rescue equipment and key technologies, it is found that there are still some problems in the current research, such as lack of efficient mechanism design method, poor reliability of equipment, low intelligence, low maturity of communication technology and poor man-machine friendliness, which lead to the low application of intelligent emergency rescue equipment in large-scale disaster field. Intelligent emergency rescue equipment will develop in the direction of advanced structure design, reliable motion performance, high intelligence, fast and accurate communication and good human-computer interaction.