颅内静脉系统血栓形成的诊断和防治

Diagnosis,treatment and prevention of cerebral venous thrombosis

颅内静脉系统血栓形成属于少见的脑血管病类型,其病因和危险因素与脑动脉闭塞性疾病不同,主要与各种原因导致的血栓前状态有关;临床症状复杂多样,缺乏特征性表现;影像学检查是确立诊断的主要依据,MRI/MRV是诊断本病和随访病情变化的最佳手段。目前主要针对病因治疗和血管再通治疗,其中抗凝治疗是最重要的手段,预防方面尚缺乏公认有效的措施。

Cerebral venous thrombosis is a rare type of cerebrovascular diseases.Its etiology and risk factors are different from those of cerebral artery occlusive disease,which are mainly related to prethrombotic state caused by various reasons.The clinical symptoms are complex and diverse,lacking of characteristic manifestations.Neuroimaging examination is the main basis for the diagnosis.Magnetic resonance imaging/magnetic resonance venography is the best way to diagnose the disease and follow-up the patients′condition.At present,the management of the disease is mainly aimed at etiology treatment and vascular recanalization treatment,of which anticoagulation is the most important means,and there is still a lack of recognized effective measures in prevention.