人参皂苷Rg1对冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病模型大鼠心功能及血管舒缩功能的影响

Effects of Ginsenoside Rg1 on Cardiac Function and Vasomotor Function in Rats with Coronary Heart Disease

目的:观察人参皂苷Rg1对冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(coronary heart disease,CHD)模型大鼠心功能及血管舒缩功能的影响。方法:60只雄性SD大鼠随机分为对照组,CHD模型组及人参皂苷Rg1低剂量组、中剂量组、高剂量组,各12只。除对照组大鼠外,其余大鼠均采用高脂饮食联合注射垂体后叶素的方法建立CHD大鼠模型。建模后,人参皂苷Rg1低剂量组、中剂量组、高剂量组分别腹腔注射人参皂苷Rg1 5 mg·kg^-1、10 mg·kg^-1、20 mg·kg^-1,每天1次,连续6周,对照组及模型组则给予等量的生理盐水。在末次给药24 h后,称取大鼠体质量,检测血脂水平、心功能及冠状动脉血流量,HE染色观察大鼠冠状动脉及左心室组织形态学变化,ELISA法检测血清及心肌中超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)、NO、内皮素(endothelin,ET)水平,腹主动脉离体血管环实验检测大鼠血管内皮舒缩功能。结果:人参皂苷Rg1干预组大鼠心脏及冠状动脉病理学损伤明显减轻,炎性细胞浸润和心肌水肿明显减少。与CHD模型组比较,人参皂苷Rg1各剂量组大鼠三酰甘油、总胆固醇及低密度脂蛋白均显著降低,高密度脂蛋白显著增加,左心室收缩压、左室内压最大变化速率及冠状动脉血流量明显升高(P<0.05或P<0.01),左室舒张末期压力明显降低(P<0.05);人参皂苷Rg1各剂量组血清及心肌组织中SOD及NO水平均明显增加(P<0.05或P<0.01),MDA及ET均明显减少,腹主动脉环对乙酰胆碱的舒张反应均明显增加(P<0.05),对氯化钾及去甲肾上腺素的收缩反应均明显降低(P<0.05)。结论:人参皂苷Rg1可提高CHD模型大鼠的心脏功能,改善心肌及冠状动脉病理损伤,其机制可能与平衡血管舒缩功能,提高机体抗氧化酶活性有关。

Objective:To observe the effect of ginsenoside Rg1 on the cardiac function and vasomotor function of rats with coronary heart disease(CHD).Methods:60 male SD rats were randomly divided into control group,CHD model group and ginsenoside Rg1 low dose group,middle dose group and high dose group,each with 12 rats.In addition to the control group,the other rats were fed with high-fat diet and injected with Pituitrin to establish CHD rat model.Ginsenoside Rg1 low-dose group,middle-dose group and high-dose group were injected intraperitoneally with ginsenoside Rg15 mg·kg^-1,10 mg·kg^-1,20 mg·kg^-1 once a day for 6 weeks after modeling,and the model group was given the same amount of saline.24 hours after the last administration,the body weight of the rats was weighed to detect the blood lipid level,cardiac function and coronary blood flow.HE staining was used to observe the morphological changes of the coronary artery and left ventricle of the rats.The superoxide dismutation in serum and myocardium was detected by ELISA superoxide dismutase(SOD),malondialdehyde(MDA),NO,endothelin(ET)levels,abdominal main vein isolated vascular ring test to detect rat vascular endothelial systolic function.Results:Ginsenoside Rg1 intervention group significantly reduced the pathological damage of the heart and coronary arteries,and significantly reduced inflammatory cell infiltration and myocardial edema.Compared with the CHD model group,the triglyceride,total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein of rats in each dose group of ginsenoside Rg1 were significantly reduced,and high density lipoprotein was significantly increased.The left ventricular systolic pressure,the maximum rate of change of left ventricular pressure and coronary artery blood flow was significantly increased(P<0.05 or P<0.01),and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure was significantly reduced(P<0.05);the levels of SOD and NO in serum and myocardial tissue of each dose group of ginsenoside Rg1 were significantly increased(P<0.05 or P<0.01),MDA and ET were significantly reduced,the relaxation response of the abdominal aortic ring to acetylcholine was significantly increased(P<0.05),and the contractile response to potassium chloride and norepinephrine was significantly reduced(P<0.05).Conclusion:Ginsenoside Rg1 can improve the heart function of CHD model rats and improve the pathological damage of myocardium and coronary artery.The mechanism may be related to the balance of vasomotor function and the increase of antioxidant enzyme activity.