3Sheldon Gilbert, Chaim Eyal,Maxwell McCombs and David Nicholas, "The State of the Unionaddress and the press agenda ", Journalism Quarterly, 57(1980),pp. 584 -588;.
4Maxwell McCombs, Sheldon Gilbert, andChaim Eyal,"The State of the Union address and the agenda: a replication" ,paper presented to the International Communication Association, Boston, 1982.
5Thomas J. Johnson and WayneWanta, with T. Byrd and Cindy Lee, "Exploring FDR's relation- ship with the press : a historical agenda - setting study", Political Communica - tion, 12 ( 1995 ) , pp. 157 - 172.
7Donald Show, Marxwell McCombs, David Weaver and Bradley Hamm, "Individuals, groups, and agenda melding", International Journal of Public Opinion Research ,11,1 (1999) ,pp. 2 -24.
8[美]凯斯·R.桑坦斯:《网络共和国》,上海人民出版社2003年版,第37页.
9DeFleur,M. L. (1970). Theories of Mass Communication. New York : David McKay,pp. 122 - 123.
10Thankard et al. "Media frames", p. 3 ( emphasis added).