6Thomas, F. & Nelson, L. 2005. Deep Learning and College Out- comes: Do Fields of Study Differ?[C] Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Association for Institutional Research, May 29-June I, San Diego, CA.
7安德森.布卢姆教育目标分类学(修订版)[M].北京:外语教学与研究出版社,2009.238.
8Marton F, Saljo R. On Qualitative Difference in Learning: Outcome and Process [J]. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 1976 (46) : 4-11.
9Smith T W, Colby S A. Teaching for Deep Learning [J]. The Clearing House, 2007, 80 (5) : 205-211.
10Black P, Wiliam D. Assessment and Classroom Learning [J]. Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy and Practice, 1998, 5 (1).
