Gamma节律:认知障碍疾病的潜在诊断靶点

Gamma Rhythms:A Potential Diagnostic Target for Cognitive Disorders

神经精神类疾病是威胁人类健康的重大疾病,具有高患病率的特点,且患者通常伴随有认知障碍.长期以来,临床针对神经精神疾病的诊断主要是根据患者的临床表现,缺乏统一的客观标准,治疗手段也具有一定的难度且会产生副作用.因此开发高效客观的诊疗方式是神经精神疾病研究和临床实践的重难点.脑电图是反映脑功能变化的一种临床检查方式,其特征性节律的检测可作为大脑损伤的指标.Gamma节律(γ节律)作为与认知相关的一个重要神经节律,在大脑高级功能中扮演重要角色.众多研究发现神经精神类疾病的患者和动物模型伴随有γ节律的紊乱,这预示着基于认知核心脑区γ节律的神经检测与调控可能实现精准诊疗.本文综述了面向神经退行性疾病和精神类疾病开展的γ节律研究进展,通过梳理以往研究中γ节律在调节认知、学习记忆时的特征规律和相关分子基础,提出γ节律可能成为未来临床检测神经精神疾病无创高效的客观靶标,并在此基础上对未来的研究进行了展望.

Neuropsychiatric diseases are major diseases with high prevalence in recent years.These diseases usually cause cognitive impairments of neuropsychiatric patients and threat to their health and life.However,we still lack of objective standard for clinically diagnosis so far,and cannot fully rely on traditional treatments of medicine because of their side effects.Thus,it becomes essential to develop effective and objective methods for diagnosis and treatment.EEG can reflect our brain’s real-time state,that could be used as an indicator of brain impairment by detecting the characteristic rhythms.Gamma rhythms(~25-100 Hz)play an important role in the higher-level functions of brain,especially associated with cognition and memory.Importantly,disrupted gamma rhythms have been found in neuropsychiatric diseases of both clinical patients and animal models,which suggests novel diagnostics based on gamma rhythms measurements in core brain regions of cognition.In this paper,we reviewed the recent studies on impaired gamma rhythms in neuropsychiatric diseases,including some major neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases.We focused on the characteristics of gamma rhythms in regulating cognition,learning and memory in human and rodents,and analyzed the underlying neural mechanisms in cellular and molecular levels.Therefore,these findings may shed light to highly effective diagnosis of neuropsychiatric diseases in future by targeting gamma rhythms detection in EEG signals.