家庭教育要素论的提出——从营养学的发展视角审视家庭教育问题的尝试

On the Elements of Family Education:An Attempt to Examine Family Education from the Perspective of Nutrition

家庭教育领域中有两类难题一直困扰着学者和父母,一个是施教角色哪个重要的问题,比如,母亲重要还是父亲重要?父母重要还是老师重要?另一个是诸多接近对立的教育理念哪个正确的问题,比如,孩子圈养还是散养?好孩子是称赞出来的还是打骂出来的?这不仅让父母在选择上不知所措,无法合理分配教育资源,而且还不断引起学者之间的争论。当我们尝试借鉴营养学“分解”这一哲学方法,把家庭教育角色和理念背后的家庭教育要素分离出来之后,上述两类难题便迎刃而解了——针对前者,我们需要关注的是孩子是否获得了成长必需的教育要素而不是谁在教育孩子,针对后者,我们要看到的是那些看似对立的教育理念所代表的两个教育要素往往具有不同的价值。

There are two kinds of problems in the field of family education that have been puzzling scholars and parents.One is the important question of teaching role,for example,is mother important or father important?Are parents important or teachers important?The other is that there are many opposing educational concepts,for example,should children be educated in a carefully designed way or in a random way?Should children be educated by praising or scolding?This not only makes parents confused in their choices,but also causes constant debate among scholars.However,if the philosophical method of"decomposition"of nutrition is used to separate the elements behind the role and concept of family education,the above two types of problems will be solved easily.For the former,it is necessary to pay attention to whether the child has acquired the necessary educational elements for growth rather than who is educating the child.For the latter,it should be noted that the two educational elements represented by seemingly opposing educational concepts often have different values.