城市商业中心时空可达性建模与分析--以兰州市主城区为例

Modeling and Analysis of Time and Space Accessibility of Urban Commercial Center:Take the Main City of Lanzhou as an Example

为探究城市商业中心的可达性,本文调用高德地图API程序接口,基于Arc GIS 10.5平台,以兰州市主城区为例,选取步行、自行车、小汽车和公交车4种测度方式,从面积可达性和时间可达性结合的维度出发,首先构建了可达面积和出发地-目的地(O-D)时间成本矩阵的联系模型,进而定量评价了不同交通测度方式下各商业中心的可达性及时空联系。分析结果表明:1)使用众源地理数据进行可达面积测度时,可以反映出在建工程、人流量、路网结构等对可达性的影响。2)各商业中心所处的空间位置及其周边的交通环境,对可达性有重要的影响。3)各商业中心距离越近联系越紧密。步行和骑行的联系差别较小,在公交车和小汽车这两种测度方式下,各商业中心的联系明显加强。4) 4种测度方式下,网络连接关系较为紧密的商业中心都呈现"嵌套三角"结构,且网络连接关系越强,"嵌套三角"结构的数量越多。本文研究成果可为城市商业中心布局、道路交通设计给出政策性决策支持。

In order to explore the accessibility of the city's commercial center,this paper applies Gaode Map API program interface,based on the ArcGIS 10.5 platform,taking main urban area of Lanzhou as an example,chooses four measuring methods:walking,bi-cycle,car and bus.Based on the combination of accessibility and time accessibility,firstly,the contact model of the time-cost matrix between the reachable area and the origin-destination(O-D)is constructed,and then the accessibility and time-to-space relation-ships of the various business centers under different traffic measurement methods are quantitatively evaluated.The analysis results show that:(1)When using the crowd sourcing geospatial data to measure the accessible area,it can reflect the impact on the accessibility of the construction in progress,flow of people,road network structure,etc.;(2)The space location of commercial centers and traffic environment around them can significantly affect accessibility;(3)The closer business centers are,the closer they are to each other.There is a small difference between walking and riding.Under the two measurement methods of bus and car,business centers show stronger relationship with each other;(4)Under four measurement methods,business centers with relatively close network relationship have a“nested triangle”structure.And the stronger the network connection is,the more“nested triangulation”structures are.The research results can provide policy decision support for urban commercial center layout and road traffic design.