兼职创业者“学中干”“干中学”内在机理——基于创业学习视角的扎根研究

The Internal Mechanism of“Doing by learning”and“Learning by doing”of Hybrid Entrepreneurs:Grounded Research Based on the Perspective of Entrepreneurial Learning

在创业失败率总是居高不下的事实面前,兼职创业具有分散风险、积累创业技能和经验的重要作用。从创业学习视角出发,运用扎根理论,对兼职创业过程展开探索性研究。研究发现:兼职创业“学中干”与“干中学”双重正效应是创业者维持兼职创业的重要原因之一;“学中干”体现为通过内向式学习获取工作特有信息和技能,降低外向式学习所需搜寻和机会成本,实现创业能力移植;“干中学”体现为通过外向式学习充分利用资源,开放性地获取创业知识,突破内向式学习中学习时间和知识来源局限,实现创业能力集成;创业能力移植和集成共同构成兼职创业能力;兼职意愿包含意愿的启动和维持,内部因素是意愿维持的关键。

In the face of the facts that the failure rate of entrepreneurship is always remain high,hybrid entrepreneurship plays the important role in effectively dispersing risks and accumulating entrepreneurial skills and experience.Based on the perspective of entrepreneurial learning,this paper makes an exploratory study on the process of hybrid entrepreneurship by grounded theory.Research shows that the dual process of“doing by learning”and“learning by doing”in hybrid entrepreneurship is one of the important reasons for maintaining hybrid entrepreneurship;“Doing by learning”is achieved through inward-oriented learning to acquire work-specific information and skills,reduce the search and opportunity costs required for outward-oriented learning,and realize entrepreneurial capability transfer,ultimately;“Learning by doing”is achieved through outward-oriented learning to make full use of resources,gets entrepreneurial knowledge open,and breaks the learning time and knowledge source limitations in inward-oriented learning,and realizes entrepreneurial capability integration,ultimately;Entrepreneurial capability transfer and entrepreneurial capability integration together constitute hybrid entrepreneurial capability.Hybrid entrepreneurial intention includes the initiation and maintenance of willingness,and internal factors are the key to maintain hybrid entrepreneurial intention.