论制度反腐中舆论监督的权力凸显与报道转型

Power Attribute and Report Transformation of Supervision by Public Opinion in Institutional Anti-corruption

无论是西方“第四权力”与“第四等级”说,还是马克思、恩格斯“第三种权力”论,以及我国舆论监督长期作为政治权力延伸,都无法改变舆论监督本质上属于权利监督这一事实。把舆论监督作为权力监督不过是一种象征,通过法律对舆论监督确权,西方及我国舆论监督都实现了权利监督的本位回归。可是,在反腐败制度设计中,舆论监督权力属性又得到了凸显,并要求舆论监督报道相应转型。这一转型主要体现在三方面:一是舆论监督对接权力监督成为必然,包括舆论监督线索与权力监督信息的对接、舆论监督选题与权力监督议程的对接、舆论监督报道与权力监督意见的对接;二是权力监督护航舆论监督成为常态,包括完善舆论监督的制度保障、构建舆论监督的容错机制、归拢舆论监督的评判权限;三是监督合力构筑中的合作模式创新,包括权力监督走进舆论监督和舆论监督走进权力监督。

Whether the theory of western“the fourth power”and“the fourth grade”,or the theory of“the third kind of power”of Marx and Engels and China’s public opinions supervision,is extended for a long time as a political power,all above can not change the fact that supervision by public opinion is essentially right supervision.Being treated as power supervision is a symbol for supervision by public opinion.By using laws to confirm the rights of the supervision by public opinions,the supervision by public opinions in western countries and in China has realized the standard returning of power supervision,however,in the institutional design of anti-corruption,the power attribute of public opinion supervision is highlighted and requires the transformation of the reports for public opinion supervision in response.The transformation is mainly reflected in three aspects.Firstly,we should push forward the abutment between supervision by public opinion and power supervision,which is consisted of the abutment of public opinion supervision’s clue and power supervision’s information,the abutment of public opinion supervision’s selected topics and power supervision’s agenda,and the abutment of public opinion supervision’s report and power supervision’s view.Secondly,power supervision protecting public opinion supervision becomes normal,including the improving of institutional guarantee for public opinion supervision,the construction of fault tolerance mechanism of public opinion supervision,and the confirmation of judgment authority of public opinion supervision.Thirdly,the cooperative mode innovation in the construction of the cooperative force of the supervision includes the integration of power supervision into public opinion supervision and vice versa.