DNA甲基化与2型糖尿病血管并发症的研究进展

Advances in research on DNA methylation and vascular complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus

2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus, T2DM)是一种复杂的以慢性高血糖为特征的代谢性疾病。近年来,越来越多的研究发现T2DM患者体内的高糖环境可以改变DNA甲基化程度,影响相关基因功能,从而导致糖代谢、脂肪代谢和能量代谢紊乱或炎症反应,进而造成血管病变。T2DM常见的血管并发症有大血管病变引起的心脑血管疾病,以及微血管病变引起的糖尿病肾病、糖尿病视网膜病变、糖尿病周围神经病变等。DNA甲基化标记在T2DM血管并发症的早期诊断与治疗中可能有重要意义,已成为相关领域的研究热点。现主要对近期DNA甲基化在T2DM血管并发症方面的研究及其研究策略加以综述,以期深入了解T2DM血管并发症发生发展的表观遗传机制和可能的防治途径。

Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) is a complex metabolic disease characterized by chronic hyperglycemia. In recent years, more and more studies have found that high glucose environment in T2DM patients can change DNA methylation. It can affect the function of related genes leading to disorders of glucose metabolism, fat metabolism and energy metabolism, or inflammatory reactions, which cause vascular lesions ultimately. Common vascular complications of T2DM include cardiovascular disease caused by macroangiopathy, as well as diabetic nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy, and diabetic peripheral neuropathy caused by microvascular disease. DNA methylation biomarkers may be of great significance in the early diagnosis and treatment of T2DM vascular complications, and have become a research hotspot. This article reviews the recent research on DNA methylation in T2DM vascular complications and its research strategies, in order to understand the epigenetic mechanism and possible prevention and treatment of T2DM vascular complications.