父母元情绪理念与儿童社会适应:父母情绪反应的中介作用

The Effect of Parental Meta-Emotion Philosophy on Children's Social Adjustment:The Mediation of Parental Reactions to Emotions

采用追踪设计对459名儿童的父母进行调查,考察父母元情绪、情绪反应与儿童社会适应的复杂作用关系。结果表明:在控制前测儿童社会适应后,(1)母亲的鼓励表达在情绪教导和儿童的违纪攻击、害羞焦虑,父亲的情感关注在情绪教导和儿童的违纪攻击之间起中介作用(2)父母的问题关注在情绪教导和儿童的敏感合作,苦恼在情绪教导、情绪摒除和违纪攻击、害羞焦虑、敏感合作,最小化在情绪摒除和敏感合作之间起中介作用。

Family is the first community for children's socialization.Through family interaction,children learn to express and manage emotions and master social skills.Therefore,family emotion socialization plays a significant role in the process of children's social adjustment.Family emotion socialization mainly refers to the parental emotion socialization.Previous studies have shown that parental meta-emotional philosophy(emotional socialization philosophy)plays an important role in predicting children's social adjustment.On the one hand,the path from parental meta-emotional philosophy to the negative emotional response to children,and then to children's social adjustment,needs more empirical evidence to confirm the validity;On the other hand,the roles of father and mother in the process of children's growth are different,whether father and mother have similar effects on children needs further confirmation.In view of this,a longitudinal study was conducted to explore whether parental reactions to emotions acted as a mediator between their meta-emotional philosophy and children's social adjustment.Using the Parental Meta-Emotion Philosophy Scale,the Coping With Children's Negative Emotions Scale,the Social Competence and Behavior Evaluation Scale,we investigated 381 preschooler(M age=44.89 months,SD=4.66 months),including 198 boys.The main results were as follows:(1)Maternal emotion-coaching positively influenced expressive encouragement,emotion-dismissing negatively influenced emotion-focused reactions;Paternal emotion-coaching positively influenced emotion-focused;Parents'emotion-coaching positively influenced problem-focused reactions,and negatively influenced distress reactions;Emotion-dismissing positively influenced distress,punitive and minimization reactions;(2)Paternal emotion-focused reactions negatively predicted angry-aggressive,distress reactions positively predicted angryaggressive;Parents'expressive encouragement positively predicted children’s angry-aggressive and anxious-withdrawal behavior,problem-focused and minimization reactions positively predicted sensitive-cooperative;Distress reactions positively predicted anxious-withdrawal behavior,and negatively predicted sensitive-cooperative;(3)Maternal expressive encouragement at wave 2 played a complete mediator role between emotion-coaching at wave 1 and angry-aggressive and anxious-withdrawal behavior at wave 2;paternal emotion-focused reactions at wave 2 played a complete mediator role between emotion-coaching at wave 1 and angry-aggressive at wave 2,distress reactions at wave 2 played a complete mediator role between emotioncoaching and emotion-dismissing at wave 1 and angry-aggressive at wave 2;Parents’problem-focused reactions at wave 2 played a complete mediator role between emotion-coaching at wave 1 and sensitive-cooperative at wave 2,distress reactions at wave 2 played a complete mediator role between emotion-coaching and emotion-dismissing at wave 1 and sensitive-cooperative and anxious-withdrawal behavior at wave 2,minimization reactions at wave 2 played a complete mediator role between emotion-dismissing at wave 1 and sensitive-cooperative at wave 2.Our findings indicate that parental meta-emotion philosophy influence children's social adjustment by affecting their reactions to children's negative emotions.The research between parental parenting and children's social adjustment is refined,and a more detailed guidance can be provided for parents to bring up children.