右美沙芬滥用现状及应对策略

The present situation and counter measures of abuse of dextromethorphan

右美沙芬为中枢性镇咳药,主要抑制延脑的咳嗽中枢而发挥作用。超治疗剂量下使用可引起欣快、幻觉和解离性镇静,右美沙芬滥用与依赖的现象逐渐在人群中显现。右美沙芬产生依赖性的主要机制与抑制NMDA受体、促进5-羟色胺的释放及抑制再吸收有关。目前国内对右美沙芬滥用与药物依赖性的认知不足,相关部门必要时应对右美沙芬依赖性及潜在滥用风险开展评估,及早发现和识别药品风险和隐患,及时采取有效措施,以确保人民群众用药安全。

Dextromethorphan(DXM)is a central antitussive drug that mainly inhibits the cough center of the cerebral palsy.The use of super-therapeutic doses can cause euphoria,hallucinations and dissociative sedation,and the phenomenon of DXM abuse and dependence gradually appears in the population.The main mechanism of DXM dependence is related to inhibition of NMDA receptors,promotion of serotonin release,and inhibition of resorption.Currently,domestic awareness of DXM abuse and drug dependence is insufficient.To ensure the quality of medicine and people's usage safety,relevant departments should evaluate the dependence and potential abuse risks and,when necessary,identify drug risks or potential dangers earlier,and take effective measures in time.