协同应对未知:国家疫苗产能储备制度构建探析

Fighting Unknown through Collaboration:Establishment of National Strategy for Vaccine Production Stockpile

疫苗是人类已知的预防传染病最有效的手段。在重大突发公共卫生事件中,单一市场机制无法有效供给疫苗,需要从战略层面谋划国家疫苗产能储备制度。本文基于全球大流行情境中疫苗开发"并联"范式,引入协同治理理论,构建"动力—行动—结果"分析框架,阐述疫苗产能储备的制度内涵。我国疫苗产业存在常态总产能过剩与应急状态有效产能不足并存的现象,其源于三大深层次挑战:疫苗管理"碎片化"与产业全链条的矛盾,疫苗产业基础薄弱与产能储备集聚化的矛盾,疫苗体系行政主导与多元参与的矛盾。当各类主体及其结构关系所内含的自我增强和互动属性越强,协同过程中理念一致而且能力匹配时,疫苗产能储备结果就越好。建议用协同制度设计和最佳技术准备,应对疫苗开发的重大未知因素。

Vaccine plays a critical role in infectious disease control and prevention.Market mechanism sometimes fails in vaccine supply and storage within a pandemic situation,therefore national vaccine production stockpile strategy is needed.Based on a global pandemic vaccine development paradigm,collaborative governance is introduced to explore the institutional theory innovation of vaccine supply system.Fundamental challenges exist between three folds:fragmented administration and whole supply chain,scattered industry structure and production capacity cluster,administrative domination and multiple participants,which lead to a contradiction of production capacity surplus and effective stockpile shortage.Self-enhancement of mutual interaction combined with consistent ideology and capacity can effectively improve outcome performance in terms of vaccine stockpile.Fighting unknown through collaboration is a major principle in national strategy for vaccine stockpile.Policy recommendations are followed.